Ray was born in Alton, IL,in 1928, the son of working class Scots-Irish parents. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. Benny and I studied programming together, and in 1966 we worked in the programming office together. Milteer, a Stoner associate, as he discussed NSRP plans with a Miami police informer. I got to know him better when he came to Jeff City with a sentence for robbery. As the paper continued, it provided documentation that what King planned for after the civil disobedience would not be so innocuous. He shot. Benny taught me how to type. James Earl Ray. "[21], Brown was warned that he would be held in contempt before these comments. On the first one he'd fallen and stunned himself; on the second he'd hidden in a ceiling. The Q2 rifle-had general class characteristics of six lands and On June 8 he was apprehended by London police at Heathrow Airport as he was about to embark for Brussels; the FBI had established him as the prime suspect almost immediately after the assassination. Absence of witnesses to corroborate Raoul's existence, Rental of room 5-B at Bessie Brewer's roominghouse, Irreconcilable conflicts of interest of Foreman and Hanes, Foreman's failure to investigate the case, Coercion by Foreman and the Federal Government, Ray's belief a guilty plea would not preclude a new trial, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. Some of the books written about the assassination describe him as a major drug dealer in Jefferson City, which is ludicrous. He is a male registered to vote in Wayne County, Michigan. PRPhotos. This list details the strange, unstable life of James Earl Ray, a man who confessed to and then spent his life denyingthe murder of Martin Luther King Jr. He is the one who sits in leadership and is the most powerful person of a country. He believed that King was a serious threat to the dominance of white people in the USA and wanted to stop him through any means. On the night of November 29, 1988, near the impoverished Marlborough neighborhood in south Kansas City, an explosion at a construction site killed six of the citys firefighters. The 12-person jury verdict unanimous exonerated the "patsy" James Earl Ray for any role in the assassination of MLK. While attending law school, Brown worked as a substitute teacher. 2023 www.tennessean.com. The jury was clearly convinced by the extensive evidence that was presented during the trial that, in addition to Mr. Jowers, the conspiracy of the Mafia, local, state and federal government agencies, were deeply involved in the assassination of my husband.. bullet and also revealed the absence of nitrites (the presence of The same NSRP member said there were plans to kill Martin Luther King. Ray, a hardened thief, robber and a sometimes-moody liar, assassinated the Rev. Because Ray had previously tried to escape by hiding out inside the prison, the officials assumed this was another bungled attempt, and they began a meticulous search of the prison, which covered 47 acres. In the hours and days after the Tucson shootings, the left wing media in America attempted to blame the Tea Party and right wing rhetoric for the deaths of six and the injuries of thirteen. Jerry Ray had moved in with Stoner, and shot an intruder who broke into Stoner's office which was in the same building as the living quarters. Since retiring from the staff several years ago, he has been a regular contributor to the magazine. The Revenge of George Wallace Page 388 also a racist, was allegedly connected with the late Leander Perez, Louisiana political boss and virulent segregationist. and other allegedly exculpatory evidence are not worthy of belief. In order to hang onto your drugs, people had to know that you would kill them without hesitation. Then other inmates would blame Don for Ray's capture. For the first 25 years after Kings death, Jowers did not claim any involvement in the murder. Hunter Pitts ODell, former National Committee member of the CPUSA, was employed by SCLC. Certainly not enough to finance his travels to Mexico, Canada, England, etc., after his escape. But a check by United Press International found him still employed by Kings organization. King's killing sent shock waves through American society at the time, and is still regarded as a landmark. Stokely Carmichael of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), an extremist Black Nationalist organization, has conferred with King. Although Benny was eventually released from prison and returned to work for the engineering firm he'd been employed by at the time of his arrest in Canada, interest in him by then had died out, and the book was never published. During the four-week trial in Memphis, a 12-person jury heard testimony from over 70 witnesses; but not Jowers, who didnt testify because there were no criminal charges at stake. Search for the Killer (April 4- June 8, 1968), the Young & Morrow rooming house Examine the rooming house where James Earl Ray stayed on the day of the assassination, the bathroom window documented as the site of the fatal shot, evidence recovered at the scene, and evidence leading to the capture and arrest of James Earl Ray. More:Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977. Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977, How The Tennessean covered Martin Luther King Jr.'s death in its pages, Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.: The assassin: James Earl Ray, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Earl-Ray, James Earl Ray - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Later in life his pleas for a trial were encouraged by some civil-rights leaders, notably the King family. In 1977, New Times magazine suggested that Jerry Ray and "Raoul" were one and the same. Over the years, parties other than Ray have filed additional lawsuits related to the assassination. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. I've always had trouble accepting Ray as an assassin. The King family started to publicly voice the opinion in 1997. Judge Brown's lawyer filed an appeal, but the appeal was refused. Just before Ray escaped from prison in Tennessee he was visited by his brother. six grooves with a right twist. Indeed, to them the perception is reality. (Emphasis in original.). Stoner had trouble getting into the case, however . James Earl Ray was a racist, but there was circumstantial evidence that a businessman in St. Louis had established a $50,000 bounty for Kings death.. Omissions? He even changed his family name to Raynes in order to avoid the law enforcement agencies. Their goal was to cover all aspects of true crime: Read More, Contents Copyright 1998-2020 by Crime Magazine | J. Patrick O'Connor Editor | E-mail CrimeMagazine.com, Designed by Orman. He admitted to staying at the rooming house from where authorities said the bullet that struck Rev. He is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.[3]. In King vs. Loyd Jowers and conspirators unknown, there were 70 witnesses called; twelve jurors found in favor of the King family, which held a press conference after the verdict. Its important to note that this verdict was not a criminal conviction, as is sometimes erroneously implied when this case surfaces online. But almost immediately after her husbands assassination, she suspected that the FBI, which had investigated the murder, was involved in it. On April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. She told a congressional subcommittee that while she was a member of the Communist Party, she knew Martin Luther King to be closely connected with the Communist Party. Brown joined The American Opinion Speakers Bureau, and while on the lecture circuit, she told audiences that King was the hero of Americas Communists. "[11], Responding to a bar discipline complaint filed regarding the contempt incident, Brown declared himself unable to adequately defend himself as a result of health issues including type II diabetes, hypertension, and stress. When ODell was again exposed, King went through the same routine of announcing his dismissal. I first met Benny Edmondson at the Algoa Reformatory in 1956, where he was teaching typing at the school. One thing never mentioned about Ray's time in Jefferson City is the fact he had a nearly exemplary conduct record, with the exception of the two escape attempts. A mock trial of Ray in which he was represented by Dr. William Pepper was later telecast on TV to criticize the government for denying him the trial. Each year, the third Monday in January is a celebration to commemoratethe life and accomplishments of Martin Luther King Jr., the tireless civil rights activist who was gunned down in Memphis, TN, in 1968. Brown apparently raised his voice and interrupted a magistrate judge while representing a woman seeking child support in Shelby County Juvenile Court. James Earl Ray pleaded guilty to killing Dr. King; he challenged the plea and failed. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration . The bureau wiretapped his phone and monitored his movements, taking advantage of times when he seemed particularly upset or depressed. [23] After his release, he compared himself to notable civil rights activists who spent significant time imprisoned for their activism like Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Stokely Carmichael. Kelsey Grammer. Some even said Ray was a racist, but he claimed to me that he was never hostile toward anyone. It was a theory she maintained until her death in 2006 that has so far never been proven. The next section of the FBI paper was subheaded Strong Communist Influence. It pulled no punches in stating: Another complicating factor in the picture is the degree of communist influence on King. Julia Brown, author of I Testify: My Years as an F.B.I. James Earl Jones. He volunteered for Wallaces campaign and was very disappointed when Wallace could not win the campaign. it from Birmingham, Ala., to Memphis, Tenn., where he rented a room at 422 1/2 South Main Street, and moments after the assassination, he dropped In a story published based on the test, Playboy claimed that Ray had committed the crime alone. He was a loner. Under the sub-head Communist Exposed, the paper went on to reveal more about ODell: King was forced to get rid of Hunter Pitts ODell in October, 1962, when several newspaper articles exposed ODells connection with SCLC and his communist affiliations. Jerry began to follow my lead, and that became a source of friction among me, Laster and Westberg. A confirmed racist and small-time criminal, James Earl Ray began plotting the assassination of revered civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. in early 1968. Somehow, Ray managed to escape from prison on two different occasions. Benny was fascinated with the idea of escaping, although he never actually tried while inside the walls. James Earl Ray had traveled to Montreal while on the run, and claimed that he'd met a man named "Raoul" in Montreal, and that Raoul had furnished him with money, and eventually masterminded the King assassination-using Ray as the fall-guy. None. [3] Brown has spoken about how his upbringing shaped his philosophy. He was first convicted for a burglary in California in the year 1949. Brown was sentenced to five days in jail,[7][15] but was later released on his own recognizance. As one example, Dan Smoot, a former FBI agent, was a steadfast anti-Communist who became associated with The John Birch Society and wrote for the societys American Opinion and The Review Of The News magazines. Back in Memphis, Ray pleaded guilty, forfeiting a trial, and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. I wholeheartedly applaud the verdict of the jury and I feel that justice has been well served in their deliberations, she said. Dr. Martin . Never afraid to share his political views, Grammer is known for his conservative values. When prominent people die violently, they become martyrs in some peoples eyes, and there is a reluctance on their part even to consider anything that blemishes the heroic image they have formed of the individual. From 1961 through 1965 I used a substantial amount of amphetamine, and so did many of the people I associated with, and I never bought any from James Earl Ray. In 1999, James Earl Ray was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King Jr. in the same way O.J. The manhunt was the most expensive and biggest for the FBI (at that time). William Francis Pepper (born August 16, 1937) is a U.S. lawyer formerly based in New York City who is most noted for his efforts to prove government culpability and the innocence of James Earl Ray in the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Pepper has also been trying to prove the innocence of Sirhan Sirhan in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy. Most recently, after Ray's death in . the result of a conspiracy that involved Jowers, not Ray, as well as ''others, including governmental agencies. Ray was convicted in 1969 after entering a guilty pleathus forgoing a jury trial and the possibility of a death sentenceand was sentenced to . The only thing publicity could do was further humiliate them. After his capture, his sentence was extended by one more year to 100 years. After he was recaptured, Ray hired attorney Jack Kershaw to promote his claim that he was not the person who actually shot King. Ray, whose previous history as a criminal was notable only for its ineptness, fled to Canada after the killing, assumed a new identity complete with credentials, then fled to England where he was arrested trying to fly out to another country. There were always convict clerks assigned to the reception area, and the fingerprints could have been switched--either because Ray had paid someone to do it, or, just as likely, because some convict wanted to help Ray beat the system. 15. Undercover Agent, was an undercover agent for the FBI in the Cleveland area. The facts are these. [2] He earned a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Juris Doctor from UCLA School of Law. Ray left school when he was just fifteen due to his familys financial condition. In only two decades, the white population fell by over 300,000; DC became majority-black in the late 1950s.. Westberg, in turn, liked James Earl Ray. I've seen it happen again and again. It stated that King had allied himself with black nationalist groups that planned to seize the initiative and escalate the nonviolent demonstrations into violence. It continued: King has met with black nationalists and attempted to solicit their support. He was named after the church where his father held his first pastorate. He filmed local prostitutes during their work hours in pursuit of his cinematographic dream, but he eventually left Puerto Vallarta after being jilted by his girlfriend who, coincidentally, was also one of the prostitutes he filmed. The damage to Dr. King's clothing, when tested microscopically james earl ray political partymr patel neurosurgeon cardiff 27 februari, 2023 . Each day he would go to the state capital to work as a programmer. What Political Party was James Earl Ray part of? Martin Luther King Jr., and there should be no question about that fact. Ray was finally caught hiding in London in February 1968. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman in a civil trial. Ray was one of a group of five inmates who escaped from Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in June 1977, which Kershaw claimed was additional proof that Ray had been involved in a conspiracy that had provided him with the outside assistance he would have needed to break out of jail. On July 19, he returned to U.S. and the following March he pleaded guilty to murdering King. Rays fingerprints were the only ones found on the gun, and there were no witnesses who had seen him with Raoul during the nine months they supposedly knew each other (Rays description of Raoul also changed a few times). On 30 January 1961, Dexter Scott King, the third child of Martin and Coretta Scott King, was born. An hour later, he was declared dead. He did not want to be buried in the USA because he considered that the American government did not treat him fairly. When Ray pled guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in prison, his role in the assassination was a matter of serious dispute. These claims led Kings estate to sue Jowers in 1999 for a symbolic $100 in a wrongful death civil action. He was a democrat. He was transferred to the maximum security facility called Lois M. DeBerry Special Needs Facility in Nashville which had hospital facilities. The ballistics tests proved to be inconclusive and Ray remained in prison. To believe that the King family was motivated exclusively by publicity, one must believe that all of its members were involved in selling out the truth of their loved ones assassination for three figures. ''. In 1999, James Earl Ray was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King Jr. in the same way O.J. . On the night of the shooting, I had left the rifle with Raoul.. It was then learned he'd been the site engineer for the West German Pavilion at Expo '67 in Montreal. period immediately preceding the assassination, James Earl Ray fled the scene of the crime immediately after the assassination, James Earl Ray's alibi for the time of the assassination, his story of "Raoul," Stoner's hatred of blacks would not have been offensive to him Ray; he might have viewed it as a little extreme, but he would have admired Stoner for being a rebel and for having a network of trusted associates. One week prior to Kings assassination on April 4, 1968 he had gone to Memphis to show support for local sanitation workers. Different convicts had different hustles to make money. "Somebody's gotta get him.". The explanation is much simpler. Warren writes from Texas and can be reached at wmass@thenewamerican.com. In an article in The New American back in 1999, John F. McManus, former publisher of this magazine and president emeritus of The John Birch Society, provided further detail about ODell association with King: In 1960, King hired one Hunter Pitts ODell to his staff. When ODells position as a member of the National Committee of the Communist Party was revealed in 1961, King supposedly fired him. The prosecutors have enough efficient evidence in establishing guilt against James Earl Ray concerning the murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. First, James Earl Ray was in close enough vicinity of the Lorraine Hotel to successfully fire a clear shot to kill Dr. King from only a block away. In the year 1968, Ray underwent through a facial reconstruction surgery to hide his identity in Los Angeles. Indeed, a former agent from the FBIs field office in Atlanta said the bureaus tracking of King was second only to the way they went after Jimmy Hoffa. In 1975, a group of former FBI agents called on Congress to investigate this harrassment. The Ray brothers, however, are too unsophisticated to have pulled off the assassination of King, and Ray's subsequent escape to England. In 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed the holiday into law, and it was first recognized three years later. The restaurant owner named Memphis Police . One of Kings principal advisors is Stanley David Levison. A staunch segregationist, Earl Ray could not stomach the integration policies of King. At the Tag Plant I met Jerry Ward Davis, an Oklahoman who'd been shot in 1959 after kidnapping several guards (along with Rollie Laster and Ronnie Westberg) during an attempted escape that involved the use of zip-guns. Davis and Laster were both shot during that attempt. When I got out the third time, I worked in the Tag Plant. He escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary on April 23, 1967; and in Memphis, Tennessee, nearly a year later, on April 4, 1968, from a window of a neighbouring rooming house, he shot King, who was standing on the balcony of a motel room. Updates? Mr. Kershaw was a Tennessee lawyer who argued that James Earl Ray, convicted in the 1968 assassination of the Rev. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman - in a civil trial. PRPhotos. In 1967, he returned to the United States (Los Angeles) from Mexico and took dancing classes in a bartending school. King was fired. Ray replied that he did not commit the crime. Benny was eventually placed on the FBI's 10-Most-Wanted list and was captured in Canada, where he was posing as an engineer and had married a school teacher. One of Kings sons Dexter had expressed his adamant belief that Ray was not his fathers assassin. FBI investigators at the time traced the shot to a rooming house across the street, and witnesses directed them to a large bundle dropped on the sidewalk after the shooting. He might have eked out enough money to meet his basic needs (he didn't smoke), but not much more than that. In order to hang onto your drugs, people had to know that you would kill them without hesitation. The 20-page paper, which was classified as secret, was reviewed by the FBI/JFK Task Force in 1994, which denied the release of its contents. [16] Brown surrendered to the Shelby County Sheriff on August 27, 2015, to serve his five-day sentence at the Shelby County Corrections Facility in Memphis. James Earl Ray was the assassin of American Baptist minister and civil rights activist, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Ray was born in on March 10, 1928 in a poor Irish-American family of Alton, Illinois, and was raised a Catholic. It endangers the premise of the place. Once, while pulling a robbery, the victims refused to give Ray the money, and he fell out of a window and damned near killed himself. Kershaw and Ray approached the United States House Select Committee on Assassinations and got approval for the conduct of ballistics tests. Two weeks later, after Kennedy had been slain in Dallas, Milteer told the same informant, "everything ran true to form," and the right wing was in the clear because Lee Harvey Oswald . [6] It was during this time that Brown caught the attention of the producers of Judge Judy. This claim got some support from the 1978 special congressional committee which opined that Ray might not have acted alone in the assassination as it required meticulous planning. Ray, although not personally motivated by racism, comes from a rural background where blacks are not highly regarded. For years after Ray's capture there was a close association between Stoner and Jerry Ray, James Earl Ray's brother. So Westberg, who was assigned to work in the kitchen at that time, figured a man could get in the bread box, have a tray of bread placed on top of him, and pass right out of the prison (the box also had a lid over the top tray of bread). Using their logic, the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. should be attributed to a Democratic U.S. On April 4, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was shot while standing on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. He was unable to give me any specifics but just responded that "it was common knowledge.". Declassified FBI Paper Reveals Communist Associates of Martin Luther King, UN Biodiversity Beijing-Wall Street Convergence. Jimmy Carter, in full James Earl Carter, Jr., (born October 1, 1924, Plains, Georgia, U.S.), 39th president of the United States (1977-81), who served as the country's chief executive during a time of serious problems at home and abroad. In 1962, when King mentioned to Levinson that he was thinking of adding an administrative assistant to his staff, Levinson recommended ODell, who was then head of SCLCs New York office. An international manhunt led to his capture in June 1968 at Heathrow Airport in London, where he was caught carrying two fake Canadian passports. He escaped from the prison hiding in a truck that was transporting bread from the prison bakery. On April 4, 1967 a year to the day prior to Kings assassination King delivered his Beyond Vietnam speech at Riverside Baptist Church in New York City. In the year 1959, he was caught stealing $120 from a Kroger Store in St. Louis. The first time I saw James Earl Ray, he had just arrived at the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City. James Earl Ray confessed to shooting King and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. His body was cremated and his ashes were flown to the land of his forefathers, viz. Although it is often. The New American magazine, published twice a month in print and daily online, is the essential news source for freedom-loving Americans. Ray fled from the scene immediately and could not be located immediately by the police. In the year 1952, he served a two year prison sentence for the armed robbery of a cab driver. But it turned out that rather than discharging this key Red, he had transferred and promoted ODell to a higher post within Kings Southern Christian Leadership Conference. In that speech, none other than Robert Byrd pointed to the Memphis riots and the violent consequences as a warning to Johnson not to allow the marches King was planning on Washington in the coming weeks. Its not clear when Coretta Scott King, widow of King, began to believe in Rays innocence. Anyone who remembers the looks on their faces, their resolve and their anger would have to concede that it would have required nothing short of cold hard facts. Read More:People died for your right to vote. 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