A Shanghai journalist is paid by her state-controlled magazine to fly around the world for stories on global lifestyle trends. But much of the technological progress has come from a highly innovative and well-funded military that has invested heavily in Chinas burgeoning new industries. Solinger, D. J. Even though China has a one-party state, it, however, has eight independent political parties that are controlled by the CCP (CIA, 2020). For international business management of doing business in a country like China, it can sometimes get hard since it is not possible to function liberally as in a democratic nation. On the foreign front, China never tried to pressure anyone to conform to its domestic political system but instead not only respects, but celebrates, their differences. And only the U.S. can threaten Americas economic supremacyby underinvesting in its own infrastructure and by limiting trade. We are using Google Analytics to enhance your experience. Consequently, running international businesses has become significantly easier than ever before. According to Nolan (2012) "as for the number of democrat countries, 123 of the 196 countries are exercising democracy as compared to only 69 countries in 1987" (p. 101). Furthermore, it is important for nations to be flexible when it comes to global market system and change laws when necessary in order to attract investment and grow the economy like China did. The Leninist nature of politics is also evidenced by the language used to discuss it. This clear disconnect is attributable to the so-called "culture war" that's spiraled out of control over the past year and has led to profound changes in American society since then. Sage. And what if the market itself is in China? However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. If a business is successful, its usually open to taking outside capital so that it can quickly expand nationwide. The geographic location factor is important since it dictates how well a country can be accessed to do business with and both China and United States have good locations since they are connected to water bodies. Even in Beijing many people wore Mao suits and cycled everywhere; only senior Chinese Communist Party (CCP) officials used cars. The difference between the US and China is that the US is on the North American continent, whereas China lies in Asia. The legal system of a country plays a key role in terms of its marketing and investment opportunities. China is also Apples biggest market for iPhones: It has about twice as many iPhone users as the United States does. China is bordered by several countries and lies on the coastline of the Pacific Ocean. In other words, the U.S. position as hegemon doesnt necessarily bring it any economic benefits. Nevertheless, these changes do not seem to stand any chance of influencing its foreign policymakers, who remain convinced of their system's superiority relative to all others. She was a Red Guard as a teenager, screaming adoration for Chairman Mao while her parents were being re-educated for being educated. When life is (or has been within living memory) unpredictable, people tend to apply a higher discount rate to potential long-term outcomes than to short-term onesand a rate materially higher than the one applied by people living in more-stable societies. Losing the China market will be costly for American tech companies and deprive them of funds for further R&D. Political credibility and economic development. Eligible voters are chosen through a register for rural and urban voters to make the process easier, and smaller elections have a number of 200 to 300 voters while the larger level can have up to 1000 voters. Those with low social-credit scores may find themselves prevented from buying an airline ticket or getting a date on an app. The top 10 American semiconductor chip makers sell about three times as much in China as in the United States. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. In fact, the pandemic has made the world more dependent on Chinese exports, which grew 21% in November over the previous year. While the U.S. political system is partly inspired by the British example, it differs in many important respects. And the party has always believed in and emphasized the importance of Chinese history and of Marxist-Leninist thought, with all they imply. Our firm, PAG, invests throughout Asia and occasionally beyond. Additionally, the paper will also give examples of economic and macro-political changes and show why market-based systems are being adopted by transition economies. Eventually he came to the United States, where he earned a masters and a PhD at UC Berkeley, worked for the World Bank and J.P. Morgan, and taught at the Wharton School. The executive branch of the government holds the highest position of head of state and the cabinet as well, which is appointed by the National Peoples Congress. If China were concerned only with economic outcomes, it would welcome foreign businesses and investors and, provided they helped deliver economic growth, would treat them as equal partners, agnostic as to who owned the IP or the majority stake in a joint venture. However, both states have a very different political landscape, which is what will be discussed in the paper today. 13 Cultural Differences Between the U.S. and China Social Structure Confrontation/Conflict Self Face/Reputation Business Relations Morals Recognition of the Dead Humility Time Sensitivity Respect Multiculturalism Lack of Personal Space Respect for Elders 1. This is a natural outcome of the decline in U.S. strength. Americans focus on speed and efficiency and will hurry to get things done quickly. When individuals have the powerto realize their dreams, they will demand a greater say.. Would you like to get this essay by email? Civic engagement ensures that the government is serving the people and not the other way around. . Thus many Chinese consumers prefer the short-term gains of the stock market to locking their money away in long-term savings vehicles. China on the other hand practice totalitarianism and collectivism which is the opposite of democracy. This explains why the People's Republic of China (PRC) never attaches any political strings to its economic deals nor makes ultimatums regarding any of its partners. Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. China's political system encourages parties, organizations, and representatives from various circles of Chinese society to discuss basic policy as well as important political, economic, cultural and social issues. The name of the game in China is scale. Examination of School Shootings and Student Safety from International and Non-International Armed Conflict, Comparison Between Democracy Vs. There are, however, other forms of citizen engagement at a more local level when electing a township government, which can be done through public recommendation or public nomination ( (Cheng), 2011). Each branch of the government plays an important role in providing for the countrys citizens by creating laws and policies that are meant to make the living standards of the citizens better and provide them with safety and rights. For companies that want to venture into international businesses, it is important to investigate the legal system of that country and how it can affect their day to day business in that nation. Decisionsby both individuals and the stateabout how to invest all serve one purpose: to provide security and stability in an unpredictable world. But at every point since 1949 the Chinese Communist Partycentral to the institutions, society, and daily experiences that shape all Chinese peoplehas stressed the importance of Chinese history and of Marxist-Leninist doctrine. But because human beings tend to believe that other humans make decisions as they do, this may be the most difficult assumption for Westerners to overcome. China is a great example of a country undergoing a transition as not many years ago it used to practice socialism but now it has transitioned to a dynamic market making it have a second largest economy in the entire world overtaking many great nations. The space for the two sides to compromise and collaborate has narrowed extremely rapidly. It is also the duty of the representative republic to inform its citizens of their rights, and the candidacy for the elections needs to be transparent since city council members to local judges to mayors, and state legislators are all appointed through voting in the United States. Politicians and business leaders continue to misread Chinas strategy and politics. Hence the public debt as a percentage of GDP is higher for the U.S. relative to China and the. In 2019 that market reached $6 trillion, surpassing the U.S. level of $5.5 trillion. The branches of the government are not only responsible for the laws of the land but are also responsible for ensuring free and fair elections and that the citizens of the country that they represent are being heard (USG, 2020). For instance, a business that wants to invest in China from the US, it must be prepared for more restrictions and should not expect Chines courts to consider the condition that leads to a certain situation since their law does not permit this. Considering that China adopted the system of the dynamic market much later than other nations, it has done remarkably well to have such a positive impact on its economy. For liberals (in China and elsewhere), this is an appalling prospect; but for many ordinary people in China, its a perfectly reasonable part of the social contract between the individual and the state. These officials preside over different tribunals and committees, which can range from civil, administrative to communication, and transport cases. Half of the representatives in Congress are millionaires with their median net worth reported to be more than a million. Chinas rulers see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. The CPC runs the country while the other non communist parties play the role of participatory. Its aggressive handling of Covid-19in sharp contrast to that of many Western countries with higher death rates and later, less-stringent lockdownshas, if anything, reinforced that view. Access more than 40 courses trusted by Fortune 500 companies. Chinas recent history means that Chinese people and the state approach decisions very differently from Westernersin both the time frames they use and the risks they worry about most. First, China and the United States are at different stages of development. They dont know how capitalist China is. Eager for experience, she took a job as an investment analyst with a Shanghai-based foreign asset manager, but despite a long-term career plan mapped out by her employer, she left that company for a small short-term pay raise from a competitor. Majority of China's production companies are owned and managed by the government. Familiarity with Leninist doctrine is still important for getting ahead. The Chinese political system is dominated by multiparty cooperation as well as political constitution under the direction of the Communist party of China (CPC), but the USA is governed by the western style of multiparty system. The legal system of a country establishes regulations and laws that maintain and indicate the basic values of an entire nation. But this argument overlooks some fundamental differences between China and the United States, Japan, Britain, Germany, and France. It is unbelievable that the western countries face a serious competition from these nations due to the political stability found in the two countries. The Chinese can see this as crass and boastful, while in the United States, humility can be regarded as a sign of weakness. Therefore, a country's political system can be assessed effectively by using aspects such as collectivism or individualism and totalitarianism or democracy. One reason that many people misread Chinas trajectory may be thatparticularly in the English-language promotional materials the Chinese use overseasthe country tends to portray itself as a variation on a liberal state, and therefore more trustworthy. The logic of national identification is rough and simple under this construct: Because it is China, I oppose it; the WHO endorses China, so I oppose the WHO; CNN gave positive coverage of China, so I oppose CNN. The policies that are discussed in the Legislative Branch on the government are also through the civic engagement process, where the representatives elected by the citizens seek to change the policy or create one to serve them (lumen, 2020). This shapes the way they make long-term commitments, especially those that entail short-term trade-offs or losses. The one long-term asset class in which increasing numbers of Chinese are investedthat is, residential property, ownership of which grew from 14% of 25-to-69-year-olds in 1988 to 93% by 2008is driven also by the need for security: Unlike all other assets, property ensures a roof over ones head if things go wrong, in a system with limited social welfare and a history of sudden policy changes. Ambition like that cant be realized without state interventionrelatively fast and easy but often brutal in China. Even though the laws of the United States provide every individual regardless of creed and color to vote, there have been instances of voter suppression reported, especially in relation to minorities, and this oppression has been systemic and has existed throughout the history of the US. Thats why ordinary Chinese people see Chinese companies such as Alibaba, Huawei, and TikTok as sources of national prideinternational vanguards of Chinese successrather than simply sources of jobs or GDP, as they might be viewed in the West. No personal data is being tracked. Trade wars, nationalism, and the pandemic have led many companies to question their supply chain strategyin particular basing manufacturing in China, thousands of miles from their markets. As well argue in the following pages, these assumptions reflect gaps in their knowledge about Chinas history, culture, and language that encourage them to draw persuasive but deeply flawed analogies between China and other countries. The economic nationalism of the U.S. since Donald Trump assumed office is related to the hegemony promoted by the Obama administration and the current leading presidential candidate of the Democratic Party, Joe Biden. By comparison, progress on these issues is for Western economies extremely slow. The US is surrounded by Mexico, Canada, the Pacific Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean. When the United States formed its constitution, it specifically dictated the unalienable rights of every person. China, if it doesnt respond to U.S. nationalist challenges, will face soaring nationalist pressures at home. They make three plausible but false assumptions: Democracy is an inevitable consequence of economic development; authoritarian regimes are never seen as legitimate; and the Chinese think, behave, and invest much like anyone in the West. The ideological debate that followed was perhaps inevitable. As Western attention focused on the deepening ties between China and Russia and the potential transfer of Chinese military aid to Moscow, Belarusian ruler Alyaksandr Lukashenka embarked on a three . Chinas is the only major economy that requires no special approval for foreign direct investments, although some sectors, such as Lived Change media and the internet, are on a negative list that restricts them. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. The big difference is that in China the party, state, and army is led by one person. The premier controls the civil bureaucracy, The party general secretary runs the economy. Earn badges to share on LinkedIn and your resume. Additionally, before starting a business internationally, it is important to consider additional factors that the law systems of that country do not consider since failure to do so can result in loss of profit. What is the political difference between China and the USA? In fact, the pandemic has made the world, Out of the Gobi: My Story of China and America, Money Games: The Inside Story of How American Dealmakers Saved Koreas Most Iconic Bank. The Stages of Strategic Crime Analysis Report. The Chinese premier less so. Here and there, yes, but not in a meaningful way in general, and not without harm to itself. China's lead over the U.S. is especially clear in Germany, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic and France, where people are at least 10 percentage points more likely to see China as the leading economy. Also, while its relatively easy to shift the sourcing of a low-value-added product from China to Vietnam or Mexico, how can you move an entire supply chain with many indigenous players? Thats not likely, precisely because in Chinas particular brand of authoritarianism, control is key. Its currency appreciated 6% against the dollar last year. A. That figure is higher than in all Western countries (for example, only 53% of U.S. individual investors trade this frequently); its also even higher than in neighboring Hong Konganother Han Chinese society with a predilection for gambling and a similar, capital-gains-tax-free regime. During the Cold War in the 20th century, and particularly afterward, the U.S. sought to establish and consolidate its leadership role in the international community in the name of freedom and democracy so much so that U.S. hegemony was also often referred to as hegemonic liberalism.. There are other courts in the land such as High Courts and District and County Peoples Courts and Special Courts for military and forestry issues. As market research consistently tells us, the majority of individual Chinese investors behave more like traders. Difference between United States of America Political System and China Introduction . In 2020, a year of severe difficulties all over the world, there was no significant increase in Chinese corporate defaults. The U.S. also repeatedly provoked China using freedom and democracy as a pretext. Between 1990 and 2009, investment from China to all of Latin America was about $7 billion. Ideological competition between China and the U.S. in recent years comes in three basic models: The nationalist hegemony model that ultimately serves U.S. hegemonistic purposes in the international community. A Leninist approach to selecting future leaders is also a way the CCP has maintained its legitimacy, because to many ordinary Chinese, this approach produces relatively competent leaders: They are chosen by the CCP and progress through the system by successfully running first a town and then a province; only after that do they serve on the Politburo. Although there are key historical and political differences between China's relationship to Taiwan and Russia's relationship to Ukraine, there are parallels, too, especially in the present . Our response? Globalization. 9. A decade ago its retail-goods market was about $1.8 trillionless than half that of the . (b) The national average SP of CO2 is 266.8 US dollars per ton, which is much higher than the carbon price in the emission trading system. For example, over the past 15 years it has built the longest high-speed rail system in the world. 55-64). The main difference between Chinese and US politics is the political ideologies, and one is founded on a democratic yet capitalist system while the other has been led through decades on a Communist and one-party system. Both countries have a Judicial, Executive, and Legislative branch. While Bidens policy proposals reflect fading U.S. hegemonistic attitudes, Trump is showing Americans the status quo of U.S. power. At every point since 1949 the Chinese Communist Party has been central to the institutions, society, and daily experiences that shape the Chinese people. This package reveals much that may surprise them. Accelerate your career with Harvard ManageMentor. This shared quest for predictability explains the continuing attractiveness of an authoritarian system in which control is the central tenet. The U.S., on the other hand, is a federal constitutional republic with three governmental branches sharing powers. References Borner, S., Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. For individuals, whove lived through harsh times they could not control, the reaction is to make some key choices in a much more short-term way than Westerners do. Chinas rulers, therefore, see foreign engagement as a source less of opportunity than of threat, uncertainty, and even humiliation. This, of course, mirrors the role of U.S. defense and intelligence spending in the development of Silicon Valley. The Incarcerated Vote. Wherever PAG operates, we adhere to the same environmental, social, and governance policies. The U.S., on the other hand, is infamous for its self-deluded belief in so-called "American Exceptionalism," to which end it obsessively seeks to force all others to change their ways in order to replicate its own radically. The truth, then, is that China is not an authoritarian state seeking to become more liberal but an authoritarian state seeking to become more successfulpolitically as well as economically. The US is a developed country, its national infrastructure has essentially been completed; China is a developing country and is undergoing large-scale infrastructure construction. Many in the West accept the version of China that it has presented to the world: The period of reform and opening begun in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping, which stressed the need to avoid the radical and often violent politics of the Cultural Revolution, means that ideology in China no longer matters. -- China's system of political parties is a system of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), not a Western-style multiparty system. That focus on securing short-term gain is why the young asset manager in Shanghai left a good long-term job for a relatively small but immediate pay raisebehavior that still plagues many businesses trying to retain talent and manage succession pipelines in China. The difference in efficiency between the central and local groups is significant. The only obligation they have is to follow the law that in most cases is straightforward. (2016). (2016). The differences between people of different cultures far outweigh their similaritiesI believe that differences in people of different cultures far outweigh their similarities.. Much of Donald Trumps rhetoric and his actions on China were meant to deflect attention from his leadership failures at home, such as neglecting his duty to protect the public from the coronavirus. China has been shifting away from an investment-driven growth model to one led by private consumption. Part of the systems legitimacy in the eyes of the Chinese is, again, rooted in history: China has often had to fight off invaders and, as is rarely acknowledged in the West, fought essentially alone against Japan from 1937 until 1941, when the U.S. entered World War II. In contrast, the governments discount rate on the future is lowerin part because of its Leninist emphasis on controland explicitly focused on long-term returns. Yet they found common ground to work in mutually beneficial ways. Lets imagine the personal history of a Chinese woman who is 65 today. How can outside investors ensure that they dont become collateral damage in a bigger political and economic war? She bought a flatthe first time anyone in her familys history had owned property. We will write a custom Research Paper on Political system comparison between India and China specifically for you. What's most ironic about this observation is that domestic American politics are nowadays focusing on the merits of diversity, yet its foreign policy is exclusively predicated on conformity. By the 1980s she was in the first generation to go back to university, and even took part in the Tiananmen Square demonstration. Yet as soon as that ideological cover is removed, internal contradictions immediately reveal themselves. HBR Learnings online leadership training helps you hone your skills with courses like Global Collaboration. Some manufacturing has been relocated away from China since the trade war with the U.S. began in 2018, but that hasnt made a dent in either Chinas exports or Americas trade deficit. The Biden administration is expected to restore that policy and to work within the rules of international institutions, which I expect will defuse tensions. Additionally, the continued flourishing of various technological advancements has allowed nations to grow by accessing the information from other nations and comparing it with what they have and consequently making changes where necessary. That history also explains the paradox that the rulers and the ruled in China operate on very different time frames. One example is the reinvention in the late 2010s of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection. Chinas leaders argue that its essentially Leninist rule book makes Chinese politics far less arbitrary or nepotistic than those of many other, notably Western, countries (even though the system has its share of back-scratching and opaque decision-making). Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER! ), Copyright 2020 CGTN. He wisely noted that "Democracy is not Coca-Cola, which, with the syrup produced by the United States, tastes the same across the world. The president controls the army. This is the logical extension of China-U.S. competition from the perspective of U.S. economic nationalism. In fact, the Chinese word for the resolution of a conflict (jiejue) can imply a result in which one side overcomes the other, rather than one in which both sides are content. 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