The law describes femicide as a gender-based murder under any of the following seven circumstances: signs of sexual violence, previous violence, emotional connection to the perpetrator, previous threats, harassment history, victim held incommunicado prior to deprivation of life, or victims body exposure in a public place. Mexico is a multiparty federal republic with an elected president and bicameral legislature. The reforms prevent the registration of collective bargaining agreements known as protection contracts, which nonrepresentative unions often negotiated and signed without the knowledge of workers and undermined genuine collective bargaining. In October 2020, the government eliminated the independent fund that paid for protection measures, putting the mechanism in a precarious financial situation. For the past two decades, criminal groups have violentlymeddled in Mexicos elections, particularly at the municipal and state level. The government continued its efforts to strengthen freedom of association protections, promote union democracy, and improve the ability of workers to bargain collectively. These crimes are rarely reported, investigated, or punished. the U.S. Mission to Mexico was quick to assert safety levels in the region were compromised, . And in December, the newU.S.-Mexico Bicentennial Framework for Security, Public Health, and Safe Communitieswent into effect, replacing the Mrida Initiative that Lpez Obrador intensely disliked while his administrationseverely minimizedU.S.-Mexico security cooperation. Authorities were attempting to extradite Roemer from Israel. Authorities sometimes failed to respect court orders, and arrest warrants were sometimes ignored. As of September 13, three municipal police officers from Ixtlahuacan de los Membrillos, Jalisco, remained in pretrial detention for the killing of Giovanni Lopez. Six journalists have been killed under the programs protection, four since President Lpez Obrador took office. Hundreds of thousands of workers continued to work in foreign-owned factories, mainly in northern border states, producing electronics, medical equipment, and auto parts. He has promised to rescue Mexicos coal and oil industries and has introduced reforms that favor state-owned fossil-fuel power plants over renewable energy sources. Although the law requires entities recruiting for overseas employment to register with the STPS, there is no enforcement mechanism, and only a handful of recruiters complied. Other ways to share By law workers may remove themselves from situations that endanger health or safety without jeopardy to their employment. jp morgan salary increase 2022; was robert really injured in everybody loves raymond; madonna's sisters and brothers; does coconut milk shampoo make your hair greasy. U.S. government employees may not travel to other areas of Chihuahua, includingCopper Canyon. With no access to schools or child care, many workers took their children to work in the fields. Moreover, security is one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy. As of September no alleged perpetrators of the disappearances had been convicted, and 78 of those initially accused were released due to lack of evidence, generally due to irregularities in their detention, including confessions obtained through torture. Police, the military, and criminal groups are responsible for many disappearances. Whether in high-value targeting, countering violence and criminality in natural resources, or suppressing robberies and extortion, Mexicos various military and law enforcement forces are instructed to only undertake operations without the visible use of force even when criminal militias take over new territories and declare autonomy, or cartels bomb local populations. This represented an increase of 11 percent of children from the 2017 INEGI survey. The only policy to assist people with disabilities is a non-contributive disability pension that reaches only 933,000 people of the 6,179,890 who live in the country. Some detainees complained of a lack of access to family members and to counsel after police held persons incommunicado for several days and made arrests arbitrarily without a warrant. INEGI reported that 2 percent of the population (2.5 million) self-identified as Afro-Mexican. The color of the circles corresponds to the homicide rate and the size to the number of homicide reports (which may refer to more than one victim). Coahuila state Exercise Increased Caution. The government worked with UNHCR to improve access to refugee status and the procedure to determine refugee status, reception conditions for vulnerable migrants and refugee applicants, and integration in local communities (including access to school, work, and other social services) for those approved for refugee and complementary protection status. The Lpez Obrador administration has actively participated in abusive US immigration policies. Freedom of expression advocacy groups reported the government, despite reductions in its advertising budgets, continued to have a strong financial impact and influence on the largest media companies. In March 2021, a lawyer for the families of victims told Reuters that no soldiers had yet been detained, despite the video evidence. The Federal Center, however, estimated that only 10 to 15 percent of those collective bargaining agreements would undergo a legitimization vote because the worksite where the agreement was valid had closed, the work for which the agreement was negotiated had concluded, or the contract was a protection contract held by a nonrepresentative union. The reforms also establish an expedited and more transparent judicial process for unions to obtain collective bargaining rights. In July 2020 legislators approved a law making all judicial sentences public. The government did not effectively enforce the law. The Federal Center also carries out mandatory pre-judicial conciliations at the federal level, with local conciliation centers carrying out the same function at the state level. The decline in homicides is welcome. Indigenous defendants who did not speak Spanish sometimes were unaware of the status of their cases and were convicted without fully understanding the documents they were instructed to sign. In July the Sonora State Prosecutor Generals Office detained Rojos alleged killer. Mexico has made the vaccine eligible by regions and age groups, from older to younger people. Impunity and extremely low rates of prosecution remained a problem for all crimes, including human rights abuses and corruption. In August 2021, the government named a group of seven international forensic and legal experts to lead the Extraordinary Forensic Identification Mechanism, which will be tasked with identifying bodies recovered from mass graves. On June 19, a dispute between factions of the Gulf cartel killed 15 persons in the state of Tamaulipas. Six allow it for any reason up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. Many teachers protested the re-opening, at the height of the third wave of reported Covid-19 deaths. Most homicides are targeted assassinations against members of criminal organizations. The list named at least 50 persons linked to President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, politicians from every party, as well as journalists, lawyers, activists, prosecutors, diplomats, judges, and academics. Under past governments, charging the military with these tasks has contributed to serious cover-ups of human rights abuses. Almost two-thirds (64 percent) reported physical violence at the time of arrest, including electric shocks, choking, and smothering. This decision prevented a protection union from attempting to stop the strike by filing a challenge to the Mineros Unions control of the existing collective bargaining agreement at the San Martin mine in Sombrerete, Zacatecas. There were credible reports that members of security forces committed some abuses. The CDC's latest guidance on international travel for vaccinated people can be foundhere. In November 2020 a judge suspended five officials from the Mexico City Prosecutor Generals Office for failing to search for Fatima within 72 hours after she went missing. Abortion access varies by state. It was created in 2019 to bring together national and international forensic experts to help identify 37,000 unidentified remains held in government facilities, coordinate implementation of the general law on forced disappearances, and allocate resources to state search commissions. In the face of uninvestigated violence, many journalists self-censor. Torture is widely practiced to obtain confessions and extract information. Quintana Roo state Exercise Increased Caution. Elsewhere, they have to live with sharing, like the Sinaloa Cartel and Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generacin (CJNG) do in the fentanyl and meth precursor hub Lzaro Crdenas. It may exercise its power to call before the Senate government authorities who refuse to accept or enforce its recommendations. Links to external websites are provided as a convenience and should not be construed as an endorsement by the U.S. Department of State of the views or products contained therein. The Federal Center took over registration functions nationwide on November 3 and was preparing to launch a national union registry to contain all files related to union registration and statutes, collective bargaining agreements, and union financial statements. According to the NGO, institutional staff in Baja California reported that four children with disabilities died within days of each other with no known investigations. Freedom Houses 2021 Freedom on the Net report categorized the countrys internet as partly free, noting concerns regarding online manipulation tactics, potential for politicized content removals, high levels of violence against digital reporters, and investigations surrounding abusive surveillance practices. Forced labor persisted in the domestic service and in child-care, manufacturing, mining, food-processing, construction, tourism, begging, street-vending, leather-goods-production, and agriculture sectors, especially in the production of chili peppers and tomatoes. The procedure known in Spanish as arraigo (a constitutionally permitted form of pretrial detention employed during the investigative phase of a criminal case before probable cause is fully established) allows, with a judges approval, for certain suspects to be detained prior to filing formal charges. According to data from the Mexican Social Security Institute, in 2020 there were approximately 278,000 workplace accidents, resulting in 666 deaths. Yesterday Updated 10:45 a.m. Thousands of people disappear every year in Mexico. For example, the office issued three arrest warrants in the case of the August 2020 killing of Juan Nelcio Espinosa, an independent journalist in Piedras Negras, Coahuila, who died while in police custody. Public buildings and facilities often did not comply with the law requiring access for persons with disabilities. The reduction is not fundamentally due to improved security policies. As one of the worlds top 15 emitters of greenhouse gases, Mexico is contributing to the climate crisis that is taking a growing toll on human rights around the globe. In August and September 2021, Mexico hosted negotiations between representatives from the Venezuelan government and opposition groups mediated by Norway. Child protection authorities lacked sufficient capacity to shelter and process migrant children and families, and the government made modest headway to increase that capacity. Office of the Special Envoy for Critical and Emerging Technology, Office of the U.S. Twitter users posted threats against journalists. The Executive Secretariat of the National Public Security System reported more than 1,889 killings of women, including 672 femicides, from January to September. All states have additional laws against discrimination. Yesterday. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout the state. An Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation study on the use of contraceptives in Chiapas (the poorest state) found that older women were less likely to use family planning methods (13 percent of women ages 35 and older, versus 18 percent of women ages 20-34), while 23 percent of indigenous women opposed birth control for religious, cultural, or social reasons. The federal government created a National System for the Search of Missing Persons as required by law, but as of August it had not established the required National Forensic Data Bank. The CNDH may take on cases from state-level commissions if it receives a complaint that the state commission has not adequately investigated the case. Violent crime and gang activity occur with increasing frequency in Veracruz, particularly in the center and south near Cordoba and Coatzacoalcos. Exercise Increased Caution When Traveling To: Exercise Normal Precautions When Traveling To: Visit our website forTravel to High-Risk Areas. Nevertheless, only 2 percent of schoolteachers in the country were trained to teach children with disabilities, according to the civil society organization Yo Tambien. Federal law prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, and mental disabilities. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping in previous years. From January through August 2021, Mexico received nearly 78,000 asylum applications but resolved just over 23,000. According to the Mexican Social Security Institute, as a result of the law 2.7 million workers of the 4.6 million subcontractors moved from formal subcontracting status to a formal direct employment status. As of August there were no developments in the case regarding the abduction and killing of seven-year-old Fatima Aldrighetti Anton. Underneath that macro-war, many violent micro-conflicts play out in Mexico, as smaller criminal groups fight over drug, extortion, and other criminal markets and seek to control local politicians and populations. Violent crime and gang activity are common in parts of Morelos state. Day laborers and their children were the primary victims of forced and child labor in the agricultural sector, particularly in the production of chili peppers and tomatoes. San Luis Potosi state Exercise Increased Caution. According to Google Report, Google received 24 requests from authorities in 2020 to remove content 13 from police, eight from government officials, and three from unspecified sources. Posted 10:45 a.m. Mexico: most common crimes witnessed in Mexico 2022 Share of respondents who witnessed a crime in Mexico in 2022, by type Mexico: victimization rate 2012-2021 Mexico: victimization. Ramos had been searching for her missing husband for the previous seven months as a member of two search collectives. Arbitrary Arrest: Allegations of arbitrary detentions persisted throughout the year. State preventive police report to state governors, while municipal police report to mayors. The state search commission paused all search efforts between May and June due to increased levels of insecurity for family search collectives, according to civil society groups. The governments National Council of Norms and Labor Competencies certified law enforcement internal affairs investigators and created standard internal affairs training to promote transparency and accountability. The overarching bipolar rivalry between the Sinaloa Cartel and CJNG spans not just Mexico but violently all the way to Colombia and non-violently into the Asia-Pacific. According to National Security Secretariat statistics, between January and June, state-level prosecutors and attorneys general opened 495 femicide investigations throughout the country, exceeding the 477 state-level femicide investigations opened in the first half of 2020 (statistics from state-level reports often conflated femicides with all killings of women). According to advocacy groups, no information was available concerning the criteria through which the government chooses media outlets for public advertising. The UN Office for the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) documented cases in the states of Mexico and Chiapas in which detainees remained in pretrial detention for more than 12 years. Between January and August, the CNDH registered 26 complaints of torture and 123 for arbitrary detention. On May 1, the role of verifying the process for unions to organize a secret ballot vote for workers to approve or reject existing collective bargaining agreements within the four-year period established by the reforms (legitimization process) transitioned from the STPS to the Federal Center. In March 2020 a federal judge issued an arrest warrant for Zeron on charges related to his conduct of the investigation, including torturing alleged perpetrators to force confessions, conducting forced disappearances, altering the crime scene, manipulating evidence, and failing to perform his duties. According to the Center for Economic Research and Teaching, most criminal suspects did not receive representation until after their first custody hearing, thus making individuals vulnerable to coercion to sign false statements prior to appearing before a judge. As a result he was forced to urinate and defecate in his bed, according to Human Rights Watch. NGOs stated authorities failed to investigate torture allegations adequately. In July 2020, 12 civilians were killed in a shootout with soldiers in Tamaulipas state. Petty crime occurs frequently in both tourist and non-tourist areas. From 2006 to 2020, at least 50,000 bodies passed through the custody of state and local forensic medical services without being properly identified. A A A. The law provides criminal penalties for corruption by officials, and the government took steps to increase its legal authority to pursue these crimes. Officials expect to receive more than 100,000 applications in 2021. In 2019, a well-respected human rights defender was appointed to head the governments National Search Commission (CNB). According to the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) 2016 survey, 18 percent of women ages 15 and older reported having experienced physical violence at the hands of their current or most recent partner, and 6.5 percent reported having experienced sexual violence. Yet the criminal groups capacities to hold turf often remains flimsy, with groups like CJNG brazenly seeking to conquer entire territories withdrone-mounted bombs, and groups like the Sinaloa Cartel taking over legal and illegal economies and politics in a more buttoned-down and less blatant manner, but no less systematically. Three states have state-level IDP laws, but the country does not have a federal internal displacement law, which created challenges in resource allocation and interagency governmental coordination. There were reports of security forces using excessive force against demonstrators. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. In 2019 legislators passed a constitutional reform recognizing Afro-Mexicans as an ethnic group. Most newspapers, television stations, and radio stations were privately owned. In 2018, the number of drug-related homicides in Mexico rose to 33,341, a 15 percent increase from the . President Lpez Obrador has greatly expanded the scope of the armed forces activities, deploying them for law enforcement and customs enforcement, and to control irregular immigration, run social programs, and build and operate mega projects. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and family members of disappeared persons alleged the prosecutors undercounted the actual number of cases. After accumulating nine hours of overtime in a week, a worker earns triple the hourly wage. The government continued to pursue the extradition of Tomas Zeron from Israel. As of October the Special Unit for the Investigation and Litigation of the Ayotzinapa case had arrested more than 80 suspects, including army captain Jose Martinez Crespo, an Iguala municipal police officer, and the Iguala municipal police chief. In June a federal judge sentenced Juan Francisco Picos Barrueto to 32 years in prison for the 2017 murder of journalist Javier Valdez Cardenas. The law prohibits the worst forms of child labor. Federal law provides citizens the ability to choose their government through free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. U.S. government employees must adhere to the noted restrictions: Travelers may use Highways 2 and 2D to transit between Mexicali, Los Algodones, and San Luis Rio Colorado during daylight hours. Federal law prohibits domestic violence and stipulates penalties for conviction of between six months and four years imprisonment. (As of late 2022, tourists flying into Cancun are automatically given . In cases involving organized crime, the law allows authorities to hold suspects up to 96 hours before requiring them to seek judicial review. In many states, police presence and emergency services are extremely limited outside the state capital or major cities. Read thecountry information pagefor additional information on travel to Mexico. Additionally, some indigenous students did not receive the breakfasts and lunches normally included in the full-time school meal program, according to a UNESCO study. Civil society organizations alleged that workers were prohibited from leaving by threats of violence or by nonpayment of wages. Authorities held some detainees under house arrest. Enrollment of children with disabilities decreased by 40 percent during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Yo Tambien. Federal and state labor inspectorates conducted nearly 30,000 labor inspections in formally registered businesses in 2020 but did not conduct inspections in the informal sector. Federal labor law requires a minimum of 20 workers to form a union. In addition to a more impartial and streamlined judicial process for labor disputes, the reforms transfer the registration of unions and collective bargaining agreements from the CABs to a new independent Federal Conciliation and Labor Registration Center. Land conflicts, social and ethnic violence, or local political disputes caused other incidents. It ruled that state governments do not have the authority to legislate that life begins at conception. Brazen homicides persist at unacceptable levels. The letter also read that since the release of the crime statistics, KZN had: 25 rapes per day. From 2013 through 2020, the CNDH received 3,799 complaints of military abuses. The government generally exempted accompanying adults from detention to preserve family unity. Additionally, U.S. citizens have been the victims of both non-violent and violent crimes in tourist and non-tourist areas. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Veracruz state. Queretaro state Exercise Increased Caution. The Federal Center and the new federal labor courts are designed to handle all matters related to collective bargaining agreements, but until the Federal Center establishes its offices in all the states, labor disputes in states without a Federal Center presence are to be handled by the CABs. In Chiapas in July an unidentified perpetrator killed Simon Pedro Perez Lopez, a human rights activist and member of the Las Abejas de Acteal civil society organization. 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