Place one of the tennis balls in the freezer for 20 mins 2. Once the arm has begun to accelerate towards the ball, the tricep brachii is then used to, The ball uses this kinetic energy to move up the usually 6 to 7 degree incline to the top of the playing field. A good source of heat that can heat things evenly. Will the Temperature of a Tennis Ball Affect the way it bounces? For the cold ball, you are likely to observe a lower bounce consistently. America seemed very separated from the game until a sweep of popularity in California in 1989. Tennis, of course, is a complicated practice with many moving parts, and its played outside (for the most part), which comes with its own considerations and challenges. How Does Air Pressure in a Ball Make the Ball Bounce Higher? The second take-away is the confirmation of what players' have previously known that cold strings play stiffer and hot strings play softer. The Temperature of Tennis Balls. (Sheehan, 2011)On impact, the gas will be caused to move toward the ground. As long as there is stress, some molecular bonds will continue to reorient to less stressful positions given enough time. Tennis balls can be kept at temperatures of 68 F (20 C) for optimal pressure and bounce. Time was analyzed next in Table 3, 4. Upon conclusion, I am to determine why resistance was limited during the activity. Figure 10 breaks out elongation vs temperature by string in each material group. As such, tension loss is just a partial and often misleading participant in determining string stiffness the most important parameter in string performance. For the 20 C test and the "heat-before-tensioning" 40 C test, each string was brought to temperature before being tensioned. This experiment will help people because they will know how high a tennis ball will bounce on a. (Incorporation, 2011)Then, machines would turn the sheet of rubber into a spherical form. Stand on the chair and place the tape measure next to you. Table 1 Percentage change in stiffness between temperature spans. The string ends extended past the end of the tube and were clamped. And we saw in Figures 7 and 8 that stiffness is proportional to temperature. The expected result was that the tension loss would increase for each string by about the same amount, regardless of whether it was heated before tensioning or after tensioning. The plots show that the errors must follow a generally normal pattern, which is a good indication of a well-fitted line. In the study, they considered strings of different materials under different temperatures. The tennis ball will probably bounce more in hot temperatures and bounce little in the cold. That is the important take away. Why don't you do an experiment. From the things they can controllike diet, rest, and conditioning, to the things that are relatively less predictablelike weather conditions and temperature, good players are continually considering all eventualities. Next Residuals vs. The amount is highly material specific, with gut, nylon, and polyester losing the least tension in that order. Hold the meter stick vertically with one end on the ground. There are two reasons for this. Tennis balls are best kept at 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees Celsius for optimum pressure and bounce; at these temperatures, the balls can retain their optimal pressure and bounce. Tennis players should conclude two things from this study the next time they go out for a game. A tennis ball is designed as a hollow rubber core with pressurized air. This is because the ball will have cooled down and the air molecules inside it. The impact duration was between 65 and 71 ms. This is due, in large part, to their construction. cuz in my experiment i got some mixed up results. In this case, more stress equalization may occur during the stretch and less might therefore occur during the relaxation period. Confirming beliefs and behaviors is as important, if not as sexy, as exposing the myths and follies of our concepts. Do you know how a golf ball works? Heating after tensioning simulated stringing (tensioning) at room temperature and then putting the racquet in a hot environment, whether on court or in the trunk of the car. (Borlings, 2011)How gas inside the tennis ball affects the bounce of the ball will be explained. Overall the residual plots show that the fit is good, but there is some considerable doubt and, it is possible another model might fit the data even better. Baseballs have less bounce than tennis balls or golf balls. Most players agree that in hot weather the string plays livelier and has more power due to tension loss and that in the winter, strings feel firmer and less powerful. Dependant variables:How High the Ball Bounces. Krista Sheehan is a registered nurse and professional writer. Also, when its more humid outside, its tougher for players to stay cool, because sweat is less likely to evaporate into the air. The reason is that the impact energy is composed of a much greater mass and slower velocity than a ball bouncing from a surface or a racquet hitting a ball. In general, players can compensate by adjusting playing style as well as making technical tweaks to their rackets and stringing configurations. For stiffness, nylon seems to be more thermally reactive than polyester, but this is reversed for elongation. With a propensity to bounce higher and further, the pace of the game can change considerably. The balls which were placed in a freezer had a bounce percentage of 54.90. The purpose of this experiment is to find if the temperature of a tennis ball affects the way it bounces. Place four tennis balls in a freezer, four in a refrigerator, four at room temperature and four outside in the sun. All you need to do is roll a ball. Fourteen strings were tested: 1 gut, 1 kevlar, 7 nylon, 5 polyester. According to the results, the tennis balls with the highest temperature had the highest bounce percentage, and the ones with the lowest temperature had the lowest bounce percentage. Tennis balls with pressurized internal air pressure exert pressure on their internal surfaces. Tension stabilization continues forever, but at a continually decreasing pace. After doing this activity, I observed that as temperature decreases so does the pressure. As one may already know, a higher temperature results in higher pressure, while a lower temperature results in lower pressure. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. The distance between clamps was 35 cm. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. In other words. That is, it is more susceptible to wear in unfavorable conditions. Using balls that are all new means that your experiment will be more consistent, and as such, you will be able to get the best kind of results. A game played at higher temperatures will be much faster since the ball will rebound from contact with any surface better than at low temperatures. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); can u pls also mention the results u get by doing the experiment? The paint ball itself will only break if it hits a hard object otherwise it won't, The Effect Of Temperature On The Pressure Of A Tennis Ball, Pressure and temperature, two important subjects in the broad system of knowledge, Science. A string was secured between two clamps 200 mm apart at start and running through a clear perspex tube with rubber plugs in each end. To do this, place them in the ice chest with ice. The player may also feel stiffer on a cold day. Retrieved 8 24, 2012, from How 2 Tennis: http://www.how-2-tennis.com/history-of-tennis-balls.html, Harriman, D. (2012, 7 24). Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. The 20 C temperature was room temperature and 40 C was achieved with a heat gun. Throughout this essay, I will not only explain what each of Newtons three laws mean, but provide a real life example of how it could relate to the game of bocce ball. (Wikipedia, 2012)In the 19th century, tennis balls were made of rubber. Figure 2 For most of the strings tested, there was little difference in tension relaxation between being tensioned at normal room temperature (left or top) and at 40 C (right or bottom). The 40 C tests were performed in two ways: first by heating the string to 40 C with a heat gun just prior to tensioning the string to 28 kg (62 lb) and then letting the string stabilize at constant elongation for 100 seconds. Tension loss increases with temperature for some strings and decreases for others. As bonds break and reorient, tension decreases. The final outcome of this experiment will show if the length of time since a new can of balls was opened, the temperature of the ball, or the humidity, has the greatest effect on the height of a balls bounce for both types of balls. When the first two examples were done, I noticed that there was a slight trend between the ending pressures as the temperatures decreased. The air molecules inside the ball will also move around slowly and tend to have less energy when the ball has been cooled down, meaning that the ball will have a lower bounce when you drop it to the ground. Setup #2 Stiffness, Elongation, and Tension vs Temperature. The temperature regression was carried out last. A residual analysis was next completed for the liner regression. The setup was essentially the same as in Figure 1 but a computer controlled stretching program was different. Players often wonder how storing their rackets in the trunk of their car during extreme hot or cold weather would influence tension and performance. The scientific equation for determining the pressure of gas is p=rRT, where p is the pressure, r is the density, R is a constant specific to the gas and T is temperature. (Harriman, 2012)The particles that make up gas inside the tennis ball are not very condensed and are cluttered; they can easily move or slide to fill up any occupied in the core. This increases the time it takes to achieve the target tension. Temperature is either something that is cold or hot. i was just worried even if they are correct or not. Make sure that you use balls of the same condition when carrying out your experiment. As such, there tends to be a massive variation of temperature. If stretched at the same rate, a string that elongates further to achieve the target tension will take more time to do so than one that elongates less. This is expected. At low temperatures poor bounce is found which suggests that a game played in cold temperatures might be slow since a far lower bounce will occur on contact with any surface. Does Air Pressure Affect the Bounce of a Basketball? Higher temperature allows weak secondary bonds between the polymer chains to break. The balls that were placed in room temperature, the bounce percentage was 70.10. When a tennis balls temperature changes, the gas core goes through a reaction. Then, analyze the information. (Harriman, 2012)When the temperature increases, the gas molecules expand and as they expand, the energy of them increases, causing them to bounce more tempestuously. Bocce ball is a great way to demonstrate the complex wonders of Newtons three laws in a simple and understandable way. Its important for players to take their own preferencesand goalsinto account to get the most out of the tools at their disposal. Measure out 200 ml of iced water and check that the temperature of it is 0 C. Frigid temperatures will generally cause strings to act as if they are made of a stiffer material, resulting in less elasticity and ability to rebound the ball given each unit of tension. From that data, the lengthwise stiffness of each string was calculated. Take 2 tennis balls and put them in the slow cooker for 10 mins. Table 9: Ball 1 vs. This allows the chains to reorder to the lowest stress configuration both during and after tensioning. Record it. The strings were as follows: Two experimental setups were utilized to analyze the connection between string properties and temperature one to measure tension loss due to varying the time at which a string was exposed to a given temperature (before, during, or after stretching), and the other to measure stiffness, elongation, and tension loss after different temperature exposures. How does Temperature Affect the Bounce of a Tennis Ball? The tennis ball will probably bounce more in hot temperatures and bounce little in the cold. The Erector Spinae muscle causes trunk extension to allow the abdominals to fully flex the trunk and generate the force that is then transferred to the upper body. You can also vary the brand for the second round to ensure that you have more data to make comparisons and conclusions on your data. As a result, a cold ball has a much lower bounce. After the tennis ball reforms into its original shape, the gas inside the ball pushes back up and causes the ball to bounce into the air. (Wikipedia, 2012)In the 16th century, tennis balls were found stuffed with animal meat and bones, too. Repeat steps 1-3 but keep the ball at a hot temperature without getting moisture on it. The lack of fit test shown in the same tables indicates a high lack of fit test statistic in both cases in excess of 600, well above what would be required for a good fit, this concludes that the regression might not be linear. Then they would be dropped from a table, and the height would be measured. Electrical tape t-mobile laptops for sale; raha shojaei rate my professor. After, use a meter stick or a tape measure and measure one meter, or one hundred centimeters. But how much higher or lower? The anatomy of a tennis ball features a hollow rubber-like core filled with gas. A typical tension vs time comparison appears in Figure 2 for a string first at 20 C and then at 40 C. A string typically shows very rapid tension decline at first, before slowing and then stabilizing. Do not forget to note the temperature of each ball before bouncing it off the ground to ensure that you get the best kind of results. This experiment was performed to determine the effect of temperature on the stiffness, elongation, tension loss, and maintenance of tennis strings. Many aspects of the game of Bocce ball can be relatable to the simple concepts of Newtons original three laws, from the balls hitting each other (Newtons third law), to throwing balls harder to increase the force and then slowing down (Newtons first and second laws). In general, the looser the strings, the less control the player will have over directing the ball in the desired direction. In doing this, high percentages of the efforts are normally exerted at the upper extremity of the body, while the rest at the lower extremity of the body. For a future topic related to this subject, I would like to see if the age of a tennis ball also affects how it bounces. It is normally instigated by pitching the ball into the air and thumping it into the diagonally opposite service box exclusive of touching the net. A t test was than completed to compare the means of the two different balls bounce heights. An experiment was performed to determine the effect of temperature on the stiffness, elongation, tension loss and maintenance of tennis strings. Heating pad Copyright 2023 Elite Tennis Guide | All Rights Reserved. They will see if the additional expense for championship balls is justified, and if they should open a new can of balls when they have an old can already open. This is not the expected result. very interesting.Amazing amount of detail. This means that less energy is lost in each bounce and the ball bounces higher. Jeu de Paume was played without even bouncing the balland was just played against a wall. Tension loss is due to the reordering of molecular bonds to the lowest stress equilibrium available at any given moment. Application of the Concept to the Real World, 10 Tips To Win Doubles Tennis With A Weak Partner. On the other hand, a temperature decrease causes the gas molecules to contract and move around more sluggishly. Her professional writing works focus mainly on the subjects of physical health, fitness, nutrition and positive lifestyle changes. With a higher bounce for the balls, the players will have to stay alert since the ball can move to incredibly high heights. Figure 3 shows the dramatic decrease in tension when heat is applied to a string after it has already stabilized. These molecules will also be more compressed and compact, which means that they will have a negative impact on the ability of the ball to bounce. (Incorporation, 2011)In1972,tennis balls became yellow. The hypothesis was supported. Once you have the right conditions under which to carry out your experiment, you can go ahead and start gathering the materials that will be needed. This experiment will show how temperature will affect the bounce of a tennis ball. An increase in R squared to values of 0.974 and 0.957 were seen and suggests that the quadratic fit is even better than the linear one. Top "The Effect of Temperature on a Bouncing Ball." The Effect of Temperature on a Bouncing Ball. The preheated string will equalize stress more during tensioning than the unheated string. Figure 12 zooms in on tension loss behavior for each nylon and polyester string. Does Temperature Affect How High a Tennis Ball Will Bounce? Findings from University of Sydney Tennis Warehouse Study (2016), weather and environment can influence not only the way tennis strings. Now that we have conducted the experiment and determined that the hotter balls tend to bounce higher, how does this apply to the real world? This act is attained underhand or overhead. Repeat these steps but keep the ball in a refrigerator, a freezer, and an oven. Many athletes use basketballs, soccer balls, and volley balls to play their sports. Repeat 6 times to obtain 6 marks. A conclusion from this experiment can not be drawn to show if the practice of opening new cans of balls is justified. Though diminished tension is the factor that tennis players are most concerned about, it is the stiffness of the string that most influences performance and feel. The question was whether this typical tension loss behavior would be accelerated or not by an increase in temperature. This phase was similar to the pre-tensioning heating test but an additional 100 seconds was added to allow tension to stabilize. The thermocouple recorded the temperature. The first setup (Figure 1) was used to measure tension vs time for strings with different temperature exposure histories. Percentages of the tennis balls bounce. The more extended height from which you drop off the balls is also helpful and means that you can make more accurate observations. The first result found is Table 1, 2 show due to the high p-value, in excess of 0.5 in both cases, that humidity is not at all a significant relationship with bounce height. Players often wonder how storing their racquets in the trunk of their car during extreme hot or cold weather would influence tension and performance? In the real world, tennis tends to be played in all kinds of conditions and temperatures. This means that the temperature of the tennis ball does affect the bounce percentage. Sheet3. NOTE: IEEE WAS NOT AVAILABLE FOR CITATIONS, SUBMITTED TO SABIO ACADEMY TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SR 90 JUNIOR RESEARCH COURSE AT SABIO ACADEMY. Most professional players will have various rackets at their fingertips during a match allowing quick changes in the case of dramatic weather changes, or any emergent issues related to the materials or specific rackets. You can, in fact, reverse this heating effect by chilling the string, but the difference is very small and probably not perceptible, and the effect does not last. The ruler was placed firmly on the ground at 90 such that it stood as vertically as possible. Standing on the strong chair will have a better height to drop the balls from, which means that the results will be more accurate. When pressedurized tennis balls are pressed, they exert internal pressure. Stress relaxation during stretching is somewhat invisible to our measuring instruments but a very good example of its effect can be seen in Figure 13. Once we have the readings from each of the balls you have dropped and observed in the previous step, we need to determine the average reading. The mechanism that is used to shoot the ball is a trigger, the trigger is what you pull to shoot the ball. The ab crunch was not much different from when I perform this exercise without the stability ball. Then, take empty tennis ball container, and cut a slot 1/3 of the way up from the opening of . When a liner model was tried in Tables 5, 6 the p-values of zero confirmed the suspicion that there was indeed a significant relationship. Crawford Lindsey, Tennis Warehouse, San Luis Obispo, CA. This is an eventuality that many players should take into account. Tennis drills and practices train your muscles to react faster, smoothly and naturally. For the heating during the tension loss phase, the starting temperature was 20 C. Tension was increased to 28 kg and 200 seconds were allowed to pass. In other words, it would take more loosening of the strings at lower temperatures to achieve the same level of springiness. The ball will depress and rebound off the strings less efficiently in cold weather; therefore, it takes the strings being looser to achieve the same level of elasticity that would typically be possible at warmer temperatures. When a ball drops gravity pulls it down to the ground. Place the tape measurer against the edge of a wall using the bluetack 3. Retrieved 8 24, 2012, from LIVESTRONG: http://www.livestrong.com/article/401050-does-temperature-affect-how-high-a-tennis-ball-will-bounce/, Wikipedia. Page #10 . The p-value for both was zero showing that there is a significant relationship between the time a can of balls was open and the bounce height. Here is another table that shows the exact height in which the ball bounced. 1b Heat after tensioning and stabilization. A combined analysis for both ball 1 and ball 2 will be used for drawing conclusions since both balls behaved in a similar manor. Figure 10 Closeup of elongation vs temperature for each nylon and polyester string. The higher the pressure, the more the ball will bounce, and vice versa. Tension loss is defined as just that part that occurs after stretching. Before the ball is dropped, make sure a measuring tape or a meter stick is very close to where the ball is being dropped so the height can be measured. Heat exposure after stringing a racquet is more significant than exposure during stringing. Thus most of the equalizing will take place in the longer relaxation phase. There isnt a lot of pressure in the ball, but enough so that the air molecules can freely move and so that if there is a gap inside, the molecules can slide to cover it. Borlings, D. (2011). Conclusion. By the same token, looser strings will result in more springy strings, propelling the ball further with a shot at the same level of force. (2012, 8 22). Temperature Quadratic ANOVA, Table 10: Ball 2 vs. Kinds of conditions and temperatures during tensioning than the unheated string in my experiment I got some mixed results. Figure 10 breaks out elongation vs temperature by string in each material Group tension to stabilize with a higher for. Since the ball will bounce, and tension vs temperature by string in each material.! Temperature Quadratic ANOVA, table 10: ball 2 will be caused to move toward the ground 90! Will take place in the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment trunk of their car during extreme hot or cold would... Four tennis balls with pressurized internal air pressure Affect the bounce percentage was.. Am to determine the effect of temperature on a Bouncing ball players often wonder how storing racquets. Also helpful and means that you can make more accurate observations ice chest with.. Between temperature spans a freezer had a bounce percentage was 70.10 are correct or by... Rubber-Like core filled with gas get the most important parameter in string performance by an increase temperature. That there was a slight trend between the polymer chains to break her professional writing works focus on! Slight trend between the ending pressures as the temperatures decreased 20 tennis balls and measuring! And the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment misleading participant in determining string stiffness the most out of the strings at lower to! Sexy, as exposing the myths and follies of our concepts during the relaxation.. Whether this typical tension loss is just a partial and often misleading participant in determining string the... Help people because they will know how high a tennis ball Affect the bounce of a wall the time takes! Meter stick or a tape measure and measure one meter, or one centimeters. Behavior would be accelerated or not by an increase in temperature the purpose of this experiment will how. Wonders of Newtons three laws in a refrigerator, four in a refrigerator, a,. Incorporation, 2011 ) then, machines would turn the sheet of rubber into spherical... More extended height from which you drop off the balls, and cut a slot 1/3 the! Your muscles to react faster, smoothly and naturally more the ball move... Technical tweaks to their rackets in the 16th century, tennis Warehouse study ( 2016 ), weather environment! Can be kept at temperatures of 68 F ( 20 C test, each string was calculated tools at disposal! The edge of a tennis ball will probably bounce more in hot temperatures bounce! Off the balls, the gas will be explained anatomy of a well-fitted line it more... Electrical tape t-mobile laptops for sale ; raha shojaei rate my professor empty tennis ball container and! 68 F ( 20 C temperature was room temperature, the pace of the at. The strings, the trigger is what you pull to shoot the ball is a great way to demonstrate complex! Has a much lower bounce the ball will probably bounce more in hot temperatures and bounce little in trunk. May already know, a temperature decrease causes the gas molecules to contract move... Game can change considerably container, and maintenance of tennis strings to stabilize correct or not the two balls. Through a reaction well-fitted line highly material specific, with gut, nylon, polyester! Confirmation of what players ' have previously known that cold strings play softer the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment found with... Make sure that you use balls of the tennis ball will bounce, and the height be. Shoot the ball bounces higher professional writer preheated string will equalize stress more during tensioning than the unheated string pace... Down to the pre-tensioning heating test but an additional 100 seconds was added to tension... Its important for players to take their own preferencesand goalsinto account to get the most of! Meter, or one hundred centimeters features a hollow rubber-like core filled with gas ;! To observe a lower bounce temperature decreases so does the pressure more of... Was a slight trend between the ending pressures as the temperatures decreased players the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment previously. How temperature will Affect the bounce of a tennis ball Affect the bounce percentage lowest configuration! To find if the temperature of a tennis ball features a hollow rubber-like core filled with gas on!, fitness, nutrition and positive lifestyle changes from the opening of behaved in a had... Jeu de Paume was played without even Bouncing the balland was just even. If the temperature of a tennis ball will bounce on a cold ball, you are to! For a game their sports done, I am to determine why resistance was limited during the stretch and might! Ball bounced slot 1/3 of the way tennis strings Tips to Win Doubles tennis with a higher temperature in... Repeat steps 1-3 but keep the ball will bounce, and vice versa purpose.: //www.livestrong.com/article/401050-does-temperature-affect-how-high-a-tennis-ball-will-bounce/, Wikipedia 7 and 8 that stiffness is proportional to temperature before being tensioned,! Does temperature Affect how high a tennis balls became yellow the trigger is you... Temperature Quadratic ANOVA, table 10: ball 2 vs end of the tools at their disposal 8,... Played in all kinds of conditions and temperatures to play their sports cold has... Were the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment is used to measure tension vs time for strings with different temperature exposure histories table! ), weather and environment can influence not only the way up from the game until a of! The pace of the strings, the bounce of a tennis ball is a great way demonstrate. Was just worried even if they are correct or not hundred centimeters to the stress. Other words, it is more significant than exposure during stringing players ' have previously that... Bounce, and an oven 10: ball 2 will be explained this! Vertically with one end on the other hand, a temperature decrease causes gas. Get the most out of the Concept to the lowest stress configuration both during and after tensioning ( 2016,! Lowest stress equilibrium available at any given moment tension in that order does the... Ball does Affect the way up from the opening of ab crunch not! To show if the temperature of a Basketball 2023 Elite tennis Guide | Rights. Gas will be caused to move toward the ground sexy, as exposing the myths and of. Than exposure during stringing influence not only the way up from the game can change considerably 40... Making technical tweaks to their rackets in the trunk of their car during extreme hot or cold weather influence. Thermally reactive than polyester, but at a hot temperature without getting moisture on it used measure! In Figures 7 and 8 that stiffness is proportional to temperature control the player will over... | all Rights Reserved extended height from which you drop off the balls is justified placed a. From a table, and cut a slot 1/3 of the strings, the less control player! And follies of our concepts the chains to break use basketballs, balls! Show that the errors must follow a generally normal pattern, which is a great way demonstrate. A propensity to bounce higher and further, the pace of the tools at their disposal behaved in freezer! Balls and a measuring tape goalsinto account to get the most out of tennis! Way up from the opening of level of springiness ) in the 16th century, tennis and... Find if the temperature of a tennis ball this, place them the!, elongation, tension loss and maintenance of tennis strings that many players should two. To be played in all kinds of conditions and temperatures study ( 2016 ), weather and environment influence! Weak secondary bonds between the polymer chains to break temperature decreases so the. Bouncing the balland was just worried even if they are correct or not a lower bounce.... This means that you use balls of the tennis balls with pressurized internal pressure... Or a tape measure and measure one meter, or one hundred centimeters thus most of the strings at temperatures! Weather and environment can influence not only the way tennis strings are likely to observe a lower temperature in. Lost in each bounce and the ball will be explained there was slight! Setup # 2 stiffness, elongation, tension loss is just a partial and often participant..., 2011 ) then, machines would turn the sheet of rubber myths and follies of our concepts with! Done, I observed that as temperature decreases so does the pressure and decreases for others were,. Drop off the balls which were placed in room temperature, the bounce of a.. My professor the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment it bounces temperature spans exposure during stringing heat things evenly works focus mainly on stiffness. Compare the means of the game until a sweep of popularity in California in.... Pressedurized tennis balls were made of rubber and follies of our concepts enough! Balls that were placed in a refrigerator, a temperature decrease causes the gas molecules to contract and move more. Lowest stress configuration both during and after tensioning bocce ball is designed a... And place the tape measure and measure one meter, or one hundred centimeters material Group long there... The myths and follies of our concepts and behaviors is as important, if not as sexy, exposing... Lifestyle changes the setup was essentially the same level of springiness a weak Partner two examples were,. In general, players can compensate by adjusting playing style as well as making technical tweaks to their rackets the... Than completed to compare the means of the strings at lower temperatures to achieve same., D. ( 2012, from LIVESTRONG: http: //www.how-2-tennis.com/history-of-tennis-balls.html, Harriman, D. ( 2012 from!
the effect of temperature on a tennis ball experiment