Having long, prehensile toes they would use them as a white man does his fingers to grasp the object needed and thus would rise it to within reach of the hands. In every creek and in every gully lay dead blacks. The inner part, the inside of the craft, would of course be the naturally smooth sappy portion. The section of the tree intended to be used for the purpose was first shaped in the rough and then put In the sea water for a lengthy period until the sap had gone and the tissue toughened. I immediately sent for Macintyre and the black and after obtaining the whole account, kept the latter in custody, and the next day were engaged in collecting a. party from some of the stations around the Gloucester, with arms and ammunition to go in pursuit of the murderers at daylight to-morrow morning. Whatever number of animals were required for the feast would be selected and openedThe paunch would be ripped open and it s con tents of undigested grass devoured with the greatest relish. The men had as theirs the tiny bat that flies about at dusk, and this little winged sprite was re-garded with deep veneration. Having made the necessary arrangements, Captain Mof- fatt, Mr. Hall and my self set off at 10 for the Gloucester, We got to Gloucester House, at 3 oclock, and received information from Macintyres station that a black there had seen the murderers and Hendersons money, etc., in their possession, and that they were now settling down, in a bush only two miles from Hendersons sta- tion. A service provided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. These logs were generally supposed to have been left by floods, but I never felt satisfied, for they were mostly about the same distance apart. [citation needed], In rock paintings Baiame is often depicted as a human figure with a large head-dress or hairstyle, with lines of footsteps nearby. In most seasons the blacks slept between two small fires, getting the warmth on both sides of their bodies so that they could slumber in a reasonable degree of comfort. Finally the initiates were sent out into the bush, to prove their capabilities as hunters and men. necessity no doubt guided their deft hands, for the art of fashioning their weapons was inherited from countless generations who had to pit their wits against Nature in the battle for survival. The flesh was a delicate white color, and I confess that I tasted it one one occasion only and found it good. Dungog (aboriginal Tunkok, signifying Clear Hills) witnessed the closing scene of the drama, when the law of the land intervened and one solitary black was hanged for complicity in the raid, the place of execution being on or about the present site of the police station of that town. The mans widow then made her camp fire by the grave-side, and every evening as the sun was sinking, she began her loud mournful wailing for the dead. address By ROBERT MILLER, ESQ. The booming noise from the top of the hill was again to be heard, and It seemed to become louder and louder. an interpreter. Years afterwards their unburied skeletons could be seen. It was amazing the quantity of food the toddlers could consume, and It was astonishing that it did them no harm. The two men now separate, one going round one side, and one round the other, and again meet at the entrance of the goonambang, where they stand and dance, shaking their boughs and boomerangs for a brief period. Poisoning is the most cowardly form of massacre and the Aboriginal race cannot, do not, forget despite their kindly nature. Many years ago a party of blanks made a raid on Mackenzies men at Rawdon Vale, in the Gloucester district then known -as Kiripit the native name of that small variety of kangaroo rat. In this section, find out everything you need to know about visiting the Australian Museum, how to get here and the extraordinary exhibitions on display. They ascended the lofty Mackenzie Table land and located the first body of fugitive natives camped on the northern face of the mountain on a narrow shelf above a gigantic cliff which overhung a tangled mass of brush and vines. His audience would listen intently until they had mastered the words, the tune and all the business that went with it. . The men who have been assigned as guardians to the novices now step forward, and catching them by the arm, help them to their feet, and lead them noiselessly away along the pathway towards the goonambang, their heads remaining bent down as they walk along. The novices are conducted along the pathway to the goonambang, and are placed sitting down on a couch of small bushes and, Figure 10: Bull-roarers. The novices are then brought out and placed standing in a row between the camp and the fires, with their eyes cast down. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Collection, Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI), Australian Museum Lizard Island Research Station. I was present at [a corroboree] 55 years ago with the rest of our family. Many textiles reflect the traditional methods of production, design and use. to 30-In. They had their little spots over deep water (and the. Thus tinko a native bitch is generally printed dingo.. The markings as those who have seen the figures of early-day blacks will know when finalised were quite a white and weird color. [8], Media related to Hunter Valley at Wikimedia Commons. They were very neatly made and provided both warmth and protection from rain when occasion arose. Dungog was the ultimate limit of settlement for ten years or more. If it is intended to erect the camp only a little way off, the pole is short; but if the new camp is some distance away, the pole is long. The boombits were seated on some bushes that were placed in the inside of the ring, near the side that was nearest to their country, and told to put their heads between their knees. A row of fires are lit in front of this shelter, and beyond these fires the surface of the ground is cleared of all loose rubbish and grass for a distance of several yards, the rubbish forming a sort of embankment around the farther side of the cleared space. The constables and soldiers arrived at Lawlers hut and were to sleep there this night and in the morning begin their search for the blacks. Wonnarua Nation Strategic Plan 2009-2012 - https://goo.gl/HVVNFo. Their creation spirit is Baiami, also known as Koin, the creator of all things and the Keeper of the Valley. The corpse was neatly encased in a sheet of bark (paper-bark) stripped from the giant tl-tree (Melaleuca) and bound with vines from the scrub. When I approached an old man was digging the grave, which was a most laborious task, the ground being very hard, and the only tools used for the purpose a tomahawk. These bags were attached to the waist-belt when the men were [doing] ceremony My curiosity as to their contents was gratified on one occasion in an unexpected manner while I was still quite young. By scratches on the bark and other signs not comprehensible to a white person, they would select the forest giant in which the little animal had made his home. They lived for the most part, he says, on opossums, kangaroos, wallabies, birds and fish. %PDF-1.3 The body of a man belonging to a strong family and with a big following would doubled up, heels to hips and face to knees, and the arms folded. They were astonished and indignant. He told those that were with him, to make the sign of peace with them which they did by waving the right hand over the head and then pointing to the ground. They liked noise. 1844, my father, John Scott, being employed in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Agricultural Company. We have over a billion unique profiles in our tree, and growing. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 12 Nov 1926 Page 3 OUT- RAGE BY BLACKS. Grass never grows on the bora ring. To maintain the blaze the simple expedient was adopted of pushing a long pole into the flames, and shoving it forward from time to time as the top wag consumed. His bad attributes remained with the corpse. In the centre of this circle there was a fire of moderate dimensions and attended to by one of the men. From the time the novices left the kweealbang until now they have been compelled to carry pieces of burning bark everywhere they went, but they are now released from carrying the firebrands any more. They called their nocturnal operation kroji or koradji, and were in great terror of them. These spirits were supposed to dwell in the bodies of the medicine men. Their good temper and childish relish of fun was never more exemplified than when someone made a present to a stalwart black of an old hat, coat, or other discarded garment. The Kweealbang Camp.-A short digression will now be made for the purpose of describing how the women are released from their prostrate position, and their subsequent proceedings. Flash Tommy was almost killed and lay insensible for several days. Brandy, the last of the Gingai related [a story of] a [young woman] who had spied on the secret bora ceremonies. The Wonnarua people are traditional landowners in the . The shafts of the spears were made of various hardwood, scraped carefully to the required thickness with shells or pieces of broken bot- tles. On the first night of the arrival of the novices at the kweealbang, some human excrement is given to them as they sit in the camp. According to oral tradition quite a number were shot at the place called Waterloo although the police (or soldiers) eventually retreated. Shortly there was. This position was held for some time. With equal reverence the [women] looked upon the small wood-pecker hailing his appearance with delight as presaging good fortune while he lingered in the vicinity, busy with his sharp strong bill seeking grubs under the bark of the trees. One of the men would then sound a bull-roarer just after dark in the vicinity of the camp, and next morning everyone would pack up and proceed by easy stages towards the appointed tryst, dances and songs being indulged in at night at each of the stages along their route. The blacks living in the district that extends from just about where Brookfield now is to the headwaters of the Chichester and the Williams belonged to a tribe known as the Gringai. And then I read Mary Gilmores book Old Days, Old Ways, telling of how the blacks felled, the trees across the rivers to make fish traps. Mr. Irwin remembers a spotted gum ridge on which all the trees were marked. This means, that the big question remains unanswered. I saw the trees tattooed and marked for a hundred yards round the ring, but I never saw any ceremonies there. A relic of those wild old days was Broken-backed Tommy. Tommy had survived the morning of the flight when Bagdells party drove him and his panicstricken comrades over the cliff on Mount Mackenzie, and he narrowly escaped death again when years afterwards, the erstwhile fugitive Green recognised and attacked him in the old Kitchen at Underbank. Snatching fire-sticks from the camp fire, they would hurl the blazing brands in the air, presumably at the clouds (yarreel), at the same time puffing loudly with the mouth (kurracar). I have some old records of the A.A. Company at Carrington, and of the late Captain Thomas Cook, of Auchentorlie, Dungog One statement. The first is, the Gringai are mentioned as occupying the headwaters of the Allyn, Paterson, Williams and Chichester rivers, as well as, according to Scott, the lower reaches of the Hunter and Karuah rivers. . The prisoner being ordered to stand remanded, Mr. Nichols rose to state a circumstance regarding the unfortu- nate man which had come under his personal observation. Figure 3: Richard Browne (17711824). The natives soon embraced the opportunity to raid the station. English Encyclopedia is licensed by Wikipedia (GNU). Social - dances, association meetings and gatherings, visitors, and general gossip columns. At this stage the coverings were removed from the women, all of whom were covered in perspiration, as much the sweat of fear probably as of the heat of the day. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 9 May 1922 Page 3 CONFLICTS WITH THE NATIVES. The mia-mias of these rude aborigines were of the most primitive description, being merely a few sheets of bark placed against a convenient log, or bushes roughly planted alongside some huge forest giant. [August 2, 1830] - the blacks at Lawlers station had made an attack on the sheep, and had speared Delaney, I immediately sent to request Mr. Donelan to. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p11-12. As soon as the mothers are covered over, they are directed to continue making a low humming or buzzing sound, in order that they may not hear the guardians taking away the novices. A dreamtime story from the Wonnarua explains how the hills and rivers in the Hunter Valley were created by a spirit called Baiame. I verily believe that they would have held a shark. The new-comer announced hls name and business and within a few seconds the whole crowd were jabbering ex-citedly and happily. Patersons River, where he died on the same day By Mr. Nichols I had no warrant to apprehend any of the blacks; I know. Below Dungog, and extending to Lake Macquarie, the Awabakal tribe was the most important and their language is recorded in interesting treatises writ- ten by the Rev. These stems are roasted, and eaten by the Aborigines, who cut them for this purpose when they are about a foot and a half high, and thicker than a mans arm. Lettris "We're not dissimilar to other groups, Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal. to retire to the river he did not notice that a badly wounded man was left on the field, until he saw a Wallamba man rush out of the scrub and kill him with a nullah. When asked by the manager why he did such a thing the Wallamba man said, I finis him, and ran off again and thus ended the battle of Gloucester, which after all appears to have been a battle of words and much abuse, and not much else. Having gone round in this manner two or three times, the men and women come out, and the white mob keep closing in nearer and nearer the fire - the guardians and novices being in the centre. k ;kR&t*V3+h]XMbTEVKy?,gSl2=>`*K~{~O; CYF/!oS!xoE}Xt7r:qQ {K]P)`gXy92$Z:w8
+bO>RoKvxV *KOV>&oU4W =KUOr-dO?owNg[m5f&^#YKoMMFK.%Xtsv]MuU9gy+,]VZ2hBmS Carrington [on the north- ern shore of Poet Stephens] was a considerable establishment, although declining in importance, as the Company by that time was transferring the main centre of Its activities elsewhere. "We don't have a connection to this homestead or to this area at all," he said. Mr Angus McDonald, who was living at Underbank House could remember a camp of over 300 on Canningalla estate. These fire-brands, renewed as often as necessary. At day-break the following morning a number of the men who have been camping with the women at the kackaroo proceed to the goonambang, tapping their boomerangs together as they walk, and join the other men who were there all night. Women were not allowed to see drawings of Baiame nor approach Baiame sites, which are often male initiation sites (boras). The congestion, the Insanitary conditions that obtained, and an entire lack of appreciation of the necessity for isolation caused the disease to spread with disturbing rapidity. The men at the camp pull the leaves off the boughs thrown down by the keerang, who sit down at one end of the clear space. In a new document, Filling A Void, the heritage office says there is no record of the word Guringai or any of its derivatives, including Ku-ring-gai, in any of the early accounts of the colony after white settlement and no hint that the Aborigines of the northern beaches or any other part of Sydney had ever heard the word. There are hardly any left, except in odd places, just a wreck of what they were. The person carried off tries to cry out, but cannot, feeling almost choked; at daylight Coen disappears, and the black finds himself conveyed safely to his own fireside. Derby [carried] the letter. Some of [the] superstitions were extraordinary. If the course of performances in the bush have been completed, the boys may be returned next day, but if some further instruction is necessary, the date is arranged accordingly. Note the way the dilli-bag is slung. Visitors to this website should be aware that some materials may use language that is offensive or sensitive. The manner in which the Grlngai communicated their movements to following friends was noteworthy. The Australian Museum holds a large number of cultural material and objects obtained from archaeological sites in New South Wales, as well as items from various regions throughout Australia. These sheep were driven to Berrico at shearing time. He used to tell us the blacks at times would what they called fuddle the water with the bark of the turpentine tree, making the fish come to the top, where they were caught by hand. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Collection. They would take a fish, thrust a finger through the soft flesh just beneath a side fin, and through that small orifice withdraw all the entrails. Warning: This article contains content that some readers may find distressing. The fight then began. . The Aboriginal to-day pretends to know nothing but if full trust can be established it will be found that he does know. Many years later Enright (1937-40:91) wrote of having been given a grinding stone which had been found on the bank of the creek at Milgarra, near Bunnan. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Tue 12 Apr 1910 Page 3 (TO THE EDITOR.). The flying-foxes would be thrown on a fire to cook, and strangely enough when roasted properly in aboriginal fashion, proved quite tasty. The novices are placed sitting down on the nets, and bend forward and drink water out of the coolamins which are on the ground in front of them. he would cry. One of a small camp of blacks about a quarter of a mile from our house died of some sickness. 1 have been informed that in some tribes the blacks use a vine to aid in climbing, putting it round the tree and working It upwards to form a continual support. Mr Stacy did not think the wounds dangerous. FamilySearch is an international, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping all people discover their family story. I was in company with my old friend the late John Hopson on the tableland when he found a stone axe-heart there. The women were not allowed to go up this path nor approach the top of the hill at all. They were going to the bora ceremonies. Ganghat . . When these leaves get dry, it will be considered about time to bring the boys back to the Kweealbang. Vocabularies of the Manning RIver and Hunter river in Edward M Currs The. In regard to the captured women, if she belonged to the same sub-class or totem as the capturer, he would have to let her go or yield her up to someone of a different class. A troop of painted savages would bound into the magic circle, and prancing about and clash, ing thelir spears, would announce in hoarse tones that they could not find the poomblts, (the boys who were being initiated). It was there in the Dreaming, though mountains, trees, animals and people were not yet formed. When they are all assembled, a bull- roarer is sounded, and they march along the track in single file to the kackaroo, inside of which the women are dancing, having gathered there when they heard the bull- roarer. The latter, he continued, were of robust growth and at this season of the year laden with its clustered Capsules which I am informed are gathered by the Aborigines, who roast and eat them after the manner of Maise. Scott Franks, of the Plains Clans Wonnarua People (PCWP), believedthe colonial past of the RavensworthEstateinvolvedthe brutal massacre of First Nations people. A vivid chapter in the earliest history of Glen William deals with the wiping out of a tribe of blacks, and Black Camp of to-day doubtless takes its name from it. Renowned historian and Wonnarua descendant, James Miller explains in his book Koori a Will to Win: The spirit of Baime is depicted on a cave overlooking the Valley at Milbrodale painted more than 3000 years ago. In times of wet weather when long continued rain (Kueywon) made everyone and everything miserable and gloomy, the old men of the tribe would perform a remark- able ceremony to ensure a recurrence of fine weather. "We go through the normal processes of applying for funding if there's funding available, doesn't matter if it's from Glencore, Yancoal or Mach Energy.". [T]here was the fear of darkness, general among all members of the tribe. . The same location is given for both these poisonings, Upper Gangat. The spelling is as was recorded by the various sources. The local Allyn River tribe were the first to erect their camp, around which the other tribes took up their positions, each in the direction of the country from which they had come. [This] is not only a scandal and a disgrace to the district but lead[s] to much ill-blood and foul murder itself. Altitude 5360 feet the highest point between Kosciusko and Mount Lindsay. The poisoning of Aboriginal people was known as the Harmony because in this way peace was supposed to be achieved. Of basalt (maximum dimensions 13 8 2.25 inches), the stone was flat on both sides, one having been worn smooth by constant rubbing. They ranged in length from three-feet to three-feet six-inches, being shaped like a club and having a slightly tapering end . White men are not allowed to be present at this great ceremony, but by bribing one of the leading men I was permitted to be present at a part of the performance on condition that I did not come so near the company as to annoy the assembled tribes. I never remember any black starting out on a voyage, however short, without this fire burning. If the ground is wet and cold, pieces of bark are spread upon it for the women to lie upon. The dead were carried from miles around to be buried in these places. This was usually done immediately after birth by the mother or some of the old women of the tribe, and as tho practice is common among blacks in all parts of the continent it can be accepted that this marked feature of the aboriginal physiognomy is thought to be beautiful. In this section, there's a wealth of information about our collections of scientific specimens and cultural objects. Knocks and bumps, cuts and scratches, sustained in the ordinary course of daily life, troubled them not one whit. These men in their old days never forgot how to fish, and were never satisfied unless they brought home two or three monster perch. Fatal was the effect. The cause of it was Flash Tommy. He collected money from the whites who were watching the performance, and when asked what he was going to do with the money by Long Tommy, a black who worked at Irwins, he said he was going to keep it. They had a simple and quick method of their own, that used by their forefathers through centuries of time, one indeed common to savage peoples all over the world, the creating of a spark by the friction of two pieces of wood rubbed together. The white men, who are still holding each others hands, swing their arms up and down as. In my days they had progressed beyond the stage when they used the old stone tool, The tomahawk of the early days was a good deal different from the one in common use now. Kneeling in the middle of his canoe, the mariner would dip deeply on one side and then half turn and dip on the other side. The ultimate limit of settlement for ten years or more at shearing time of moderate dimensions and attended by. Moderate dimensions and attended to by one of a small camp of blacks a., pieces of bark are spread upon it for the most part, the creator of all and! A wealth of information about our collections of scientific specimens and cultural.. Fear of darkness, general among all members of the Manning RIver and Hunter RIver in Edward Currs... These places use language that is offensive or sensitive when occasion arose who have seen the figures early-day. Back to the Kweealbang occasion arose and rivers in the Hunter Valley created. 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