Send Flowers. It is believed she was 15 when they wed, which may have been before Akhenaten assumed the throne. Nefertiti was perhaps one of the most powerful women ever to have ruled. 1336 or 1334 BCE) was an Egyptian queen, the chief wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV, also known as Akhenaten. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nefertiti, Ancient History Encyclopedia - Biography of Nefertiti, American Research Center in Egypt - Nefertiti: Egyptian Wife, Mother, Queen and Icon, Nefertiti - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Nefertiti - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Akhenaton and Nefertiti under the sun god Aton. Ay was a top advisor who eventually became pharaoh when King Tutankhamun later died in 1323 B.C. Corrections? In several reliefs, she is shown wearing the crown of a pharaoh or smiting her enemies in battle. Though a supporter of the Aten, the new ruler soon decided it was wise to embrace the old traditions once again. Pharaoh Thutmose III was the warrior king of Egypt’s 18th and largest dynasty. Neferneferuaten Nefertiti was a queen of the 18th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt, the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Ramses II dedicated the Small Temple at Abu Simbel to Nefertari and Hathor. The background and other details of Tey are not known. Her body has never been found. She wears her own unique headdress—a tall, straight-edged, flat-topped blue crown. Nefertiti was a queen of Egypt and wife of King Akhenaton, who played a prominent role in changing Egypt's traditional polytheistic religion to one that was monotheistic, worshipping the sun god known as Aton. Omissions? September 8, 1987. They were born and died around 1300 years apart. Known as the Ruler of the Nile and Daughter of Gods , Nefertiti acquired unprecedented power, and is believed to have held equal status to the pharaoh himself. Queen Nefertiti was known of worshiping only one god, Aten “ The Sun Disc ”, and this caused somehow a religious revolution. Name variations: Nefertiit, Nefretiti, Nofretete or Nofretiti. Nefertiti bore six daughters within 10 years of her marriage, two of whom became queens of Egypt. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Other theories suggest she became known as Pharaoh Smenkhkare, ruling Egypt after her husband’s death or that she was exiled when the worship of the deity Amen-Ra came back into vogue. The bust went on display at a museum in Berlin in the 1920s and immediately attracted worldwide attention, causing Nefertiti to become one of the most recognizable and, despite a missing left eye, most beautiful female figures from the ancient world. Anwar el-Sadat was the president of Egypt from 1970-1981 who shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for establishing peace agreements with Israel. It is believed that the king and queen were priests and that it was only through them that ordinary citizens could obtain access to Aten. Egyptologists have therefore speculated that Nefertiti may be one of the unidentified bodies recovered from the caches of royal mummies in the Valley of the Kings. The royal family resided in a constructed city called Akhetaton—in what is now known as el-Amarna—meant to honor their god. Nefertiti (c. 1370 BCE–c. Nefertiti, born in 1370 BC and a member of the 18th Dynasty Cleopatra VII, born in 69 BC and a member of the Ptolemaic Dynasty. She may have been a niece or daughter of Ay, who was a keeper of records under King Amenhotep III. Little is known about the origins of Nefertiti, but her legacy of beauty and power continue to intrigue scholars today. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. While studying scans made of Tutankhamun's tomb, he noticed some wall markings that could indicate a hidden doorway. Share. February 22, 2021. Representations of Nefertiti with her six daughters suggest that she was also considered a living fertility goddess. Nefertiti was one of Egypt’s most famous queens. If the body of Nefertiti, who died around 1340 B.C., rests behind the plaster walls of King Tut’s tomb, it would solve one of Egyptology’s greatest mysteries. This theory is now discredited. During the first five years of Amenhotep's reign, Nefertiti enjoyed a high profile. Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten (also seen as "Akenhaten" in some references) to honor the deity. She died in the twenty-fourth year of his reign. By the end of Akhenaton’s fifth regnal year, the Aton had become Egypt’s dominant national god. was an Egyptian quenn who still remains a mystery to scholars today.. One of the most famous women in antiquity, Nefertiti remains somewhat of a puzzlement to scholars because of her mysterious ancestry and her disappearance from the record during the last years of Akhenaten's reign. Nefertiti disappeared 1336 BC. We strive for accuracy and fairness. She was also identified by … She ruled alongside Akhenaten during the eighteenth dynasty (1550-1292 BC). The exact date when Nefertiti married Amenhotep III's son, the future pharaoh Amenhotep IV, is unknown. During his reign, he reestablished Egyptian rule of Syria and Palestine. Some historians believe that Nefertiti may have acted as her husband’s coruler rather than his consort, but the evidence is not conclusive. The king and his head queen seem to be inseparable in reliefs, often shown riding in chariots together and even kissing in public. Evidence of her political importance is seen in the large number of carved scenes in which she is shown accompanying him during ceremonial acts. She was a queen, the Great Royal Wife of the Pharaoh Akhenaten.. Nefertiti (1390 B.C.-ca. A group of blocks recovered from Karnak (Luxor) and Hermopolis Magna (Al-Ashmunayn) shows Nefertiti participating in the ritual smiting of the female enemies of Egypt. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). She was the wife of King Akhenaton (also called Amenhotep IV), who reigned during 1353–36 bc . Nefertiti’s parentage is unrecorded, but, as her name translates as “A Beautiful Woman Has Come,” early Egyptologists believed that she must have been a princess from Mitanni (Syria). Nefertiti and her husband were known for a religious revolution, in which they worshipped one god only, Aten, or the sun disc. The exact date when Nefertiti married Amenhotep III's son, the future pharaoh Amenhotep IV, is unknown. Had she died at Amarna, it seems inconceivable that she would not have been buried in the Amarna royal tomb. Queen Nefertiti was one of the most powerful and mysterious Egyptian queens in ancient Egypt. Their daughter Ankhesenamun would eventually marry her half brother Tutankhamun, the future ruler of Egypt. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Soon after Akhenaton’s 12th regnal year, one of the princesses died, three disappeared (and are also presumed to have died), and Nefertiti vanished. Other theories have suggested that she was born in a foreign country, possibly Syria. Nefertiti disappears from the historical record around the 12th year of Akhenaten’s 17-year reign. The most popular theory seems to be that Nefertiti was the daughter of the high ranking courtier Aye and his unnamed first wife. In August 2015, British archaeologist Nicholas Reeves made a discovery that could reveal the mysteries of Nefertiti once and for all. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. She is considered one of Egypt's most successful pharaohs. She then took over the reign, as she raised and prepared the future king Tutankhamun to assume power when he was ready. Nefertiti As a Possible Ruler . She is best known for her moral support to the British people during WWII and her longevity. Nefertiti played an active role in religious life, and Egyptians saw her as a living goddess. She had a younger sister, Mutnodjmet. Born: c. 1380 BC Died: c. 1336 BC Cause of death: unspecified Gender: Female Religion: Other Race or Ethnicity: Middle Eastern Occupation: Royalty Nationality: Ancient Egypt Executive summary: Queen of the Nile Nefertiti was the wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV, who later changed his name to Akhenaton, and mother-in-law to Pharaoh Tutankhamun.Her name means "beautiful" or … She was born in 1370 B.C and died in 1330 B.C. She is shown taking … Nefertiti was born around 1390 b.c.e. Updates? Nefertiti Carrillo's passing at the age of 33 has been publicly announced by Gamez & … Nefertiti married Amenhotep IV when she was fifteen and he was sixteen years old, and later became the stepmother of Tutankhamun, the future Boy King. Nefertiti’s body has never been discovered. (Painting based on a stela) Family Background: It is not known who Nefertiti’s parents were. There were several open-air temples in the city, and at the center stood the palace. She was born circa – 1370 B.C. It has been stated that the couple may have had a genuine romantic connection, a dynamic not generally seen in depictions of ancient pharaohs. There, they safeguarded their family and their beliefs—it became the center of Egypt’s new religion. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! The reason for her disappearance is unknown. Her name means “A Beautiful Woman Has Come.” Other theories have suggested that she was born in a foreign country, possibly Syria. Here Nefertiti continued to play an important religious role, worshipping alongside her husband and serving as the female element in the divine triad formed by the god Aton, the king Akhenaton, and his queen. Queen Elizabeth was the Queen consort of King George VI until his death in 1952. Presumed Foreign Origin of Nefertiti as Princess Tadukhipa of Mitanni.
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