These connections dictate the receptive field properties of individual visual neurons and ultimately determine the quality of visual perception. On-Off direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (On-Off DSGCs) detect objects moving along specific axes of the visual field due to their precise retinal circuitry. Here we show that nuclei of the ventral midline thalamus (vMT), the xiphoid nucleus (Xi) and nucleus reuniens (Re), represent crucial hubs in the network controlling behavioural responses to visual threats. View details for Web of Science ID 000333029000034. Analysis of genetically labeled RGCs revealed that this regrowth can be target specific: RGC axons navigated back to their correct visual targets and avoided targets incorrect for their function. Huberman, A. D., Murray, K. D., Warland, D. K., Feldheim, D. A., Chapman, B. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.conb.2013.08.006, View details for Web of Science ID 000331509500020. Although many outstanding questions remain, the mechanisms that instruct eye-specific circuit development are becoming clear. Our results demonstrate a wiring design, likely engaging homotypic axonal tiling of BCs, that ensures consistency in synaptic convergence between specific BC types onto their target RGCs while enabling independent regulation of pre- and postsynaptic territory sizes and synapse number between cell pairs. Here, we describe the first application of a novel viral tracer, based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which directs retrograde transsynaptic viral spread between defined cell types. Thus, our findings reveal that certain RGC subtypes manifest significant changes in dendritic structure after very brief exposure to elevated IOP. Laha, B. n., Stafford, B. K., Huberman, A. D. Architecture, Function, and Assembly of the Mouse Visual System. By E78, eye-specific segregation is clearly established throughout the parvocellular division of the dLGN, and substantial ocular segregation is present in the magnocellular division. The effects of EphA overexpression were competition-dependent and restricted to the early postnatal period. Plexin A2 and A4, twoSema6A binding partners, are expressed in MTN cells, attract Sema6A(+) On DSGC axons, and mediate MTN targeting of Sema6A(+) RGC projections. He was additionally an individual scientist in the lab of Ben A. Barres, an American neuroscientist between 2005 to 2010. Andrew Huberman currently lives in Oakland, CA; in the past Andrew has also lived in Palo Alto CA, San Diego CA and Davis CA. How to Survive a Pandemic: Michael Greger, MD, https://media.blubrry.com/rrp/p/open.acast.com/public/streams/5de6c1c9bd860fd53f965e25/episodes/5f14f5e60ea06c3836554ed1.mp3, I love this film. 3 Habits To Improve Your Life w/ James Clear EP 1395 Text "GREATNESS" to Lewis at 614-350-3960 By contrast, later-born, later-arriving RGC axons are highly accurate in their initial target choices. How he transcended family dysfunction and his days as a punk rock skater truant. Cruz-Martin, A., El-Danaf, R. N., Osakada, F., Sriram, B., Dhande, O. S., Nguyen, P. L., Callaway, E. M., Ghosh, A., Huberman, A. D. Visual Circuits: Mouse Retina No Longer a Level Playing Field, Retinal ganglion cell maps in the brain: implications for visual processing, Genetic Dissection of Retinal Inputs to Brainstem Nuclei Controlling Image Stabilization. Osterhout, J. 00:00:00 Dr. Anna Lembke . 45.114.226.144 Sensory processing can be tuned by a neuron's integration area, the types of inputs, and the proportion and number of connections with those inputs. On-Off pDSGCs project exclusively to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus and in both targets form synaptic lamina that are separate from a lamina corresponding to non-DSGCs. Much progress has been made in understanding the growth of retinal axons out of the eye, their selection of targets in the brain, the development of laminar and cell type-specific connectivity within those targets, and also dendritic connectivity within the retina itself. Clusters of ON-center and OFF-center LGN cells were segregated from one another as in normal animals. How axons select their appropriate targets in the brain remains poorly understood. He currently practices at Andres Huberman MD-Psychiatric Services, Great Neck,NY and is affiliated with North Shore University Hospital. The Huberman Lab Podcast was started in January 2021 by Dr. Andrew Huberman, a professor of neurobiology and ophthalmology at Stanford School of Medicine. In the visual system, specific retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) project to designated midbrain targets connected to downstream circuits driving visuomotor reflexes. Accurate motion detection requires neural circuitry that compensates for global visual field motion. The brain circuitry of On-Off DSGCs, however, is largely unknown. Neural activity may enhance the precision and strength of specific circuit connections. Huberman, A. D., Feller, M. B., Chapman, B. Yu, W., El-Danaf, R. N., Okawa, H., Pacholec, J. M., Matti, U., Schwarz, K., Odermatt, B., Dunn, F. A., Lagnado, L., Schmitz, F., Huberman, A. D., Wong, R. O. Molecular fingerprinting of On-Off direction selective retinal ganglion cells across species and relevance to primate visual circuits. The visual system is a powerful model for probing the development, connectivity, and function of neural circuits. Bjartmar, L., Huberman, A. D., Ullian, E. M., Renteria, R. C., Liu, X., Xu, W., Prezioso, J., Susman, M. W., Stellwagen, D., Stokes, C. C., Cho, R., Worley, P., Malenka, R. C., Ball, S., Peachey, N. S., Copenhagen, D., Chapman, B., Nakamoto, M., Barres, B. Motion detection is an essential component of visual processing. Here we show that there is a di-synaptic circuit linking DSGCs with the superficial layers of the primary visual cortex (V1) by using viral trans-synaptic circuit mapping and functional imaging of visually driven calcium signals in thalamocortical axons. A., El-Danaf, R. N., Nguyen, P. L., Huberman, A. D. A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal ganglion cells to the primary visual cortex. By analyzing your biological data, InsideTracker provides you with a clear picture of what's going on inside your body and a science-backed Action Plan, so you can take control of your health from the inside out. What I've learned has led to permanent shifts in what I eat . For instance, it is unknown whether direction-selective retinal ganglion cells (DSGCs) exist in primates, and if so, whether they are the equivalent to mouse and rabbit DSGCs. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.064. 4,434 talking about this. The classic model of ocular dominance column development, in which spontaneous retinal activity plays a crucial role, has also gained new support. Koch, S. M., Dela Cruz, C. G., Hnasko, T. S., Edwards, R. H., Huberman, A. D., Ullian, E. M. Transgenic Mice Reveal Unexpected Diversity of On-Off Direction-Selective Retinal Ganglion Cell Subtypes and Brain Structures Involved in Motion Processing. In the developing visual system retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons from the two eyes undergo activity-dependent competition for territory in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Neurotoxic Reactive Astrocytes Drive Neuronal Death after Retinal Injury. Dr. Andrew Huberman is a neuroscientist at Stanford University as well as the person behind the Huberman Lab. What if I told you that you actually have the power to change your brain and reprogram your perception, irrespective of age? Finally, we demonstrate that the death of RGCs depends on a combination of both an injury to the neurons and the presence of reactive astrocytes, suggesting a model that may explain why reactive astrocytes are toxic only in some circumstances. These findings support a model in which unwanted synapses are tagged by complement for elimination and suggest that complement-mediated synapse elimination may become aberrantly reactivated in neurodegenerative disease. Our findings indicate that combining neural activity with activation of mTOR can serve as powerful tool for enhancing axon regeneration, and they highlight the remarkable capacity of CNS neurons to re-establish accurate circuit connections in adulthood. View details for DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0564-11.2011, View details for Web of Science ID 000291642800009, View details for PubMedCentralID PMC3139540. The Down Syndrome Critical Region Regulates Retinogeniculate Refinement. A., Feller, M. B., Huberman, A. D., Burgess, R. W., Garner, C. C. Emergence of Lamina-Specific Retinal Ganglion Cell Connectivity by Axon Arbor Retraction and Synapse Elimination. In this issue of Neuron, Rompani etal. All of the Cdh6-expressing retinorecipient nuclei mediate non-image-forming visual functions. Andrew D. Huberman is an American neuroscientist, educator, and media superstar. Episode #533. Related |Russ Altman, the Kenneth Fong Professor of Bioengineering, of genetics, of medicine (general medical discipline), of biomedical data science and, by courtesy, of computer science. Also, we have no idea about his brother and sister, and we dont know their names either. Last but not least, it helps explain why all humans do what we do and how we can all maintain a healthy sense of pleasure seeking in life. We also highlight examples where causal links have been established between specific RGC subtypes, their maps of central connections and defined aspects of light-mediated behavior and we suggest the use of techniques that stand to extend these sorts of analyses to circuits underlying visual perception. Listen and subscribe to the podcast here. These data begin to clarify the cell types and circuits underlying image stabilization during self-motion, and they support an unexpected diversity of DSGC subtypes. Neurons of the mammalian central nervous system fail to regenerate. A midline thalamic circuit determines reactions to visual threat. Premium. We report a mouse with GFP expressed selectively by the On-Off DSGCs that detect posterior motion (On-Off pDSGCs), allowing two-photon targeted recordings of their light responses and delineation of their complete map of central connections. The type and timing of cellular changes leading to RGC loss in glaucoma remain incompletely understood, including whether specific RGC subtypes are preferentially impacted at early stages of this disease. Moreover, the forward tuned On-Off DSGCs appear physiologically and molecularly distinct from all previously genetically identified On-Off DSGCs. Direction selective neurons have been identified in the retina, thalamus, and cortex of many species, but their homology has remained opaque. In the visual system, the thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is generally thought to encode simple center-surround receptive fields, which are combined into more sophisticated features in cortex, such as orientation and direction selectivity. The Xi projects to the basolateral amygdala to promote saliency-reducing responses to threats, such as freezing, whereas the Re projects to the medial prefrontal cortex (RemPFC) to promote saliency-enhancing, even confrontational responses to threats, such as tail rattling. Here we discuss representative examples from fly and mouse models to illustrate the ongoing success of this tripartite strategy, focusing on the ways it is enhancing our understanding of visual processing and other sensory systems. As a kid, he went to Henry M. Gunn High School for graduation and moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara for a four-year certification and the University of California, Berkeley for a graduate degree. All information about the visual world is conveyed to the brain by a single type of neurons at the back of the eye called retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In mice, we identify the transcription factor Satb2 (Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2) as a selective marker for three RGC types: On-Off DSGCs encoding motion in either the anterior or posterior direction, a newly identified type of Off-DSGC and an Off-sustained RGC type. View details for DOI 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0328-06.2006, View details for Web of Science ID 000237450300021. His contributions to the world of science have earned him a lot of recognition. In this episode of Huberman Lab, Dr. Huberman breaks down the science of motivation and drive. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.conb.2007.01.005, View details for Web of Science ID 000244771100011. In contrast, the On-Off DSGCs labeled in Hoxd10-GFP mice projected to AOS nuclei controlling horizontal but not vertical image stabilization. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.036. These findings indicate that lamina-specific visual connections are generated through the selective stabilization of correctly targeted axon arbors and suggest that the decision to maintain or eliminate an axonal projection reflects the molecular compatibility of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons at a given laminar depth. The podcast is frequently ranked in the Top 15 of all podcasts globally . Further, he is a tenured professor in the Department of Neurobiology at the Sanford University School of Medicine. View details for Web of Science ID 000423475100035. Using plasmid electroporation and AAV viral vectors, we delivered CRE-DOG to multiple GFP mouse lines, which led to effective recombination selectively in GFP-labeled cells. Moreover, downstream PLR circuitry is maintained; hindbrain and peripheral components retained their proper connectivity and function. He has made numerous important contributions to the fields of brain development, brain function, and neural plasticity. We describe both a vLGNnucleus reuniens (Re) circuit and a vLGNsuperior colliculus (SC) circuit, which exert opposite influences on defensive responses. Also mentioned in this particular podcast (Tools for Managing Stress & Anxiety | Huberman Lab Podcast #10): The books (no specific book recommendation) of Robert Sapolsky (1:12:33) Dedication of Retinal Special Issue to: Harvey J. Karten, MD, An Unbiased View of Neural Networks: More than Meets the Eye. Despite this difference, in both circuits, the proportion of inputs from each BC type, i.e., synaptic convergence between specific BCs and RGCs, remained constant across varying dendritic territory sizes. How specific features in the environment are represented within the brain is an important unanswered question in neuroscience. Events. Subjects with high anxiety showed increased visual scanning in response to threats as compared to healthy controls. The use of sensory information to drive specific behaviors relies on circuits spanning long distances that wire up through a range of axon-target recognition events. A tremendous amount of research has focused on understanding the neural circuits for vision and the developmental mechanisms that establish them. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114176, View details for Web of Science ID 000844437003268. A. Mechanisms of eye-specific visual circuit development, Spontaneous retinal activity mediates development of ocular dominance columns and binocular receptive fields in V1. Huberman, A. D., Dehay, C., Berland, M., Chalupa, L. M., Kennedy, H. Decoupling eye-specific segregation from lamination in the lateral geniculate nucleus. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.020. Two genetically tractable species, mice and flies, are together providing a great deal of understanding of these processes. Here, we show that the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN)-a major retinorecipient structure-is a critical node in the network controlling defensive behaviors to visual threats. A Stanford neurobiologist explains. Retrograde circuit mapping with modified rabies viruses revealed that the On-DSGCs project to the brainstem centers involved in both horizontal and vertical retinal slip compensation. Select subtypes of retinal ganglion cells perceive image motion and connect to the accessory optic system (AOS) in the brain, which generates compensatory eye movements that stabilize images during slow visual field motion. Andrew Hubermanis a Stanford neurobiologist and ophthalmologist keenly interested in the biology of stress and ways to manage stress. 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