Ma has almost completely disappeared from public view after Chinese regulators shut down his fintech company Ant Groups IPO in late 2020. In the case of the selected framework, the results are the ones that tell if this choice was right. According to Weber, charisma is defined as a set of qualities in a person that allows him or her to be set apart from ordinary people and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities regarded as of divine origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader [8]. Opps.. Something goes wrong. Ma Huateng dilahirkan di provinsi Guangdong, China pada 29 oktober 1971 dengan nama . The option of the multi-case approach for the testing is the most fitting in the explained context, given the limited number of possible samples and the unquantifiable nature of the analysis. Leadership. "We knew our product had a future, but at that time we just couldn't afford it," Ma remembered. So what can the rest of the world learn from the man behind it all? Shenzhen is an ideal place to locate for Hardware & IoT, Ecommerce & Retail and Marketing & Sales startups. For instance, he described Toyota in the following way: The Toyota style is not to create results by working hard. We hope you enjoy our thought leadership. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. On being an innovator: People think innovation is just having a good idea but a lot of it is just moving quickly and trying a lot of things [75]. (Co-founder and Former Executive Chairman of 'Alibaba Group') Jack Ma is a Chinese businessman, investor, and philanthropist. Jobs and Wozniak later designed a far better product, the Apple II [39]. And how do we power our organization to really focus on that and really drive it at a high rate? [59]. For leadership, we have to see things that other people dont see [92]. Googles innovation model is based on a hubGoogleplexthat attracts talent; this is the same model than Edisons [50, 52, 53]. In 2017, Fortune ranked him as among the top businessmen of the year. This model gave Ohno ideas on how to reduce inventory and simplify assembly lines [84, 86, 87]. He is said to possess property in Hong Kong as well as art items worth . Effectiveness of leadership style. Amazons Je Bezos created a similar mandate in 2002. Ma Huateng seldom appears in the media and is known for his secretive lifestyle. He was born in the Chaoyang District of Shantou, China, on October 29, 1971. His proposal was based on reducing production costs by using less expensive materials and more efficient manufacturing systems. On February 4, 2004, Mark Zuckerberg, a Harvard student, launched the facebook.com, a directory in which fellow students entered their information and photos into a template. Ineciencies and inertia creep in. Ma Huateng better known as Pony Ma is the elusive founder, chairman and chief executive of Chinas titan tech rm Tencent. Neat. The study described in this chapter explores how some leadership models may be linked to some exceptional occurrences, such as disruptive success. This label can be applied to startups or more maturebut not yet elitecompanies that, at some point, grew fast and became world leaders in a period of less than 20years. Looking at the history of Alibaba, Jack Ma is good at adapting new strategies to gain . Since that time, the principle of lean manufacturing has been adopted by many firms and industries [84, 86, 87]. Steve Jobs leadership style & personality. Based on our data team's research, Ma Huateng is the Tencent's CEO. Ma is China's richest man, with a net . Ma Huateng studied computer science at Shenzhen University, where he earned a bachelor of science degree (1993). WeChat is the worlds largest instant messaging application, with 48 percent of Internet users in the Asia-Pacific area using it in 2015. [24][25], Ma was born in Chaoyang, Shantou, Guangdong. One former long-term CEO of Inditex, and Mr. Ortegas business partner for 31years, Jos Mara Castellano, says that his ex-bosss working method is to discuss things intensely with small groups, delegate paperwork, listen hard to others and prefer oral over written communication [79]. Ma Huateng Overview CB Rank (Person) 260,188 Jobs Number of Current Jobs 1 Ma Huateng is the CEO at WeChat. On being an inspirator: We look for people who are passionate about something. [32], At Ma's behest, Tencent launched in 2005 the C2C platform Paipai.com (), a direct competitor to e-commerce giant Alibaba. But Mas early focus was on what he knew. Some of the most relevant ones were the phonograph, the incandescent electric light and power, the motion picture camera, and the alkaline storage battery [53]. Website: Biographyscoop.com Jack Ma, the cofounder of Chinese e-commerce giant Alibaba, is said be in Hong Kong to meet friends and finance executives, the Hong Kong Economic Times (HKET) reported on Friday, citing anonymous sources. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Tencent, one of the most valuable companies in Asia, one of the largest internet and technology companies, and one of the biggest investment, gaming and entertainment conglomerates in the world. By late 2015 QQ had approximately 850 million monthly active users, and WeChata mobile instant-messaging app that was first introduced in 2011had some 650 million users. In January 2018, WeChat launched a pilot digital ID scheme, allowing citizens to link their national identity to the platforms facial recognition app. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. View our Privacy Policy to learn more. The new system made Toyota the car industry leader. Ma Huateng. Ma Huateng is a proponent of the Chinese Communist Party. Its business roughly splits into three. In 2003, Tencent released its own portal (QQ.com) and made forays into the online games market. In this Special Edition of the AIB Review, leading industry professionals and members of AIB's Marketing and Entrepreneurship faculty deep dive into the need-to-know industry trends and issues that lie ahead. He didnt want to lead, he said. Red Packets are a good example. And these products can be manufactured and given to people and they can sense that spirit [45]. The Alibaba Group cofounder has been laying low for the last two years amid the Chinese governments crackdown on industry. It has also partnered with Oracle as a way of expanding rapidly into software-as-a-service applications. WeChat CEO Recent News and Activity Number of News Articles 12 News Apr 1, 2021 Forbes Tencent CEO Ma Huateng Is Back On Top As China's Richest Person News Mar 2, 2021 This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dear colleague, dear friend: these are the words that, both, Ortega and Steve Jobs, used in letters addressed to employees [81]. Under Ma s leadership, Tencent has moved into web portals, social networks, multi-player online games and e-commerce, making the company today an Internet powerhouse and China s number one brand. Manag. Its hedging its future bets. He applied the term transformational instead of transforming. Bass argued that transformational leadership has four constitutive parts [6, 7] which are (1) idealized influence, (2) inspirational motivation, (3) intellectual stimulation, and (4) individualized consideration. Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg. If you havent registered yet, please register and log in. In 1956, Ohno visited the USA to learn their supply and inventory methods. Yang Huiyans riches evaporate as her Country Gardens stock plunges 84% amid real estate squeeze. The actual scheme was not so much based on sparks of disruptive innovation and genius, but on a systematic approach toward producing inventions [64]. This style is applicable for the leaders in different sectors such as political, business, or even in religious sectors. Then, other manufacturers of IBM-compatible PCs also turned to Microsoft in search of its products. An important feature of Tencents dizzying success had been its ability to develop hot products quickly. What is the profession of Ma Huateng? QQ and Facebook reigned supreme in the PC era and were modied to suit mobile. In 1999, Alibaba Group, an online trading company, was established by Jack Ma, a former English teacher, in Hangzhou City, China [90]. In June 2004, Tencent raised nearly US$200 million in the capital market [94]. 2.0Leadership Style of Pony Ma Huateng When starting-up of Tencent Company, Pony Ma was a transactional leader who leads his subordinates through transactions which is more emphasize on quality of product and the relationship with employees is more like in contract form. By 2004, Tencent became the largest Chinese instant messaging service (holding 74 percent of the market),[33] prompting Ma to list the company on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. On his role as a supporter of organized learning and growth inside the organization: My job as a leader is to make sure everybody in the company has great opportunities, and that they feel theyre having a meaningful impact and are contributing to the good of society. Ma now sits atop the world's fth most valuable public rm, worth US$556 billion (402 billion). After two months, one team presented an app for text messaging and group chat WeChat which launched in January 2011. He is the son of Ma Chenshu and Huang Huiqing. My job is to create a space for them, to clear out the rest of the organization and keep it at bay [46]. Afterwards, 80 percent of the company's revenue came from deals struck with telecom operators who agreed to share message fees. Taking into consideration the profile that could be expected in the context of startups and an innovation-led context [1, 2, 3], best framework candidates for further evaluation would be (1) transformational leadership, (2) charismatic leadership, (3) entrepreneurial leadership, and (4) visionary leadership. Ma believes this will bring him success and it will inspire people around him to work hard for achieving the goal. The rm also invested US$1.8 billion (1.3 billion) in Tesla. 4 On China's 100 Richest 2021, Tencent CEO Ma Huateng Is Back On Top As Chinas Richest Person, Tencents Ma Huateng Overtakes Jack Ma As Chinas Richest Again Amid Coronavirus Lockdowns, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Limit the Use of My Sensitive Personal Information. That gave Toyota an edge in terms of productivity and quality [86, 87]. The list of selected American corporations included the top five that could be considered disruptively successful firms as per the rapid growth: Apple, Google, Microsoft, General Electric, and Facebook [29]. In Hong Kong, he has a rebuilt palatial mansion of 1,820 m2 (19,600 sq ft). But Tencent came of age before mobile. In that trip, he visited one of the supermarkets of the Piggly Wiggly chain [84, 85]. China is home to the world's second-largest number of billionaires after the United States. The 46-year-old magnate shies away from the spotlight, preferring to lead rather decisively from the shadows. Mas visionary leadership is as uniquely prolific as that of Edison and Jobs. The concept of transformational leadership was introduced by James MacGregor Burns in his book Leadership [4] and then further developed in Transforming Leadership: A New Pursuit of Happiness [5]. Younger employees understand what people want. A widely accepted framework developed and tested by Conger and Kanungo [10, 11, 12, 13] defines four characteristics in charismatic leaders: (1) possessing and articulating a vision, (2) willing to take risk to achieve the vision, (3) exhibiting sensibility to the needs of followers, and (4) demonstrating noble behavior. Leadership Styles during Disruption: A Multi-Case Study Written By Alberto Abadia Submitted: July 8th, 2022 Reviewed: September 13th, 2022 Published: October 28th, 2022 DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108029 IntechOpen Leadership - Advancing Great Leadership Practices and Good Leaders Edited by Joseph Crawford From the Edited Volume The internet sector in China is politically policed, but it is also lightly regulated. Ma himself was hailed by Time magazine in 2014 as one of the world's most influential people. Internal battles, where two teams can He Defines Failure as Giving Up: This is one of his popular leadership quality and skill that defines him a successful leader. The Startup Ecosystem of Shenzhen is ranked at number 18 globally, and shows a positive momentum increasing 3 spots since 2021. As Steve Jobs, Mas idol, once quipped, If you dont cannibalise yourself, someone else will. In 2007, Alibaba.com raised US$1.7 billion dollars in its initial public offering (IPO) in Hong Kong [91]. How? Now is the time for our government, enterprises, academic and research institutions to work together to change the status quo. Ma Huateng Leadership Style Ma's management style shifted from transactional to transformational leadership. In the future, it would be interesting to conduct more targeted research that could, both, give more details on the profile and the role of these leaders in the stated context and further describe the associated leadership attributes. February 22, 2019. In 2004, the three partners moved to Palo Alto, California, where venture capitalist Peter Thiel invested in the firm. Childhood & Early Life. Tencent is also the world's largest gaming company, and amongst the world's largest technology investors, social media networks, and web/mobile app makers. Northouse explained, "Transformational The company's first product came after Ma participated in a presentation for ICQ, the world's first Internet instant messaging service, founded in 1996 by an Israeli company. [3][4][5] The company develops China's biggest mobile instant messaging service, WeChat, and its subsidiaries provide media, entertainment, payment systems, smartphones, internet-related services, value-added services and online advertising services, both in China and globally. Email: This chapter reviews relevant literature in order to identify the leadership framework and profile that may better characterize entrepreneurs and business leaders that eventually founded or developed disruptively successful firmspopularly known as unicorns. Next, the chapter describes a conducted multi-case study that demonstrates a strong correlation between the positive checkmarks in the selected leadership frameworkvisionary leadershipand the profile of the leaders of nine different international corporations that became industry leaders in less than 20years (Apple, Google, Microsoft, Facebook, General Electrics, Toyota, Alibaba, Tencent, and Inditex). You need resilience to keep you on the ball. Pony Ma, the low-profile founder of tech giant Tencent Holdings, created a social media stir over the weekend by reposting an article on China's economy, an unusual breaking of silence by a . In those days, Toyota was much less productive than its Detroit-based competitors, the Big ThreeGeneral Motors, Ford, and Chrysler [83]. Legend of Yulong and Legend of Xuanyuan, two online games, increased sales by more than half, to US$5.1 billion, with a profit margin of US$1.5 billion. In 2003, Jack Ma created a new company, the consumer-to-consumer online marketplace Taobao (meaning Chinese in searching for treasure). Tencent, which owns a stake in U.S. videogame company Epic Games, is one of the largest videogame publishers in the world. Ma said in December 2015 that Tencent would open a internet hospital in Wuzhen to facilitate long-distance diagnosis and pharmaceutical delivery. London, SW7 2QJ, [10] Ma was a deputy to the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress and a delegate in the 12th National People's Congress. Then, his two roommates, Chris Hughes and Dustin Moskovitz, helped him add a few features and they made Facebook available to other universities [74]. (with Q and QQ used to stand for the word cute). Dev. Chaoyang, Shantou, Guangdong. Visionary leadership style. Within 2weeks, half of the students had signed up [74]. Chairman and CEO, Tencent Holdings. He dropped out of Reed College, in Portland, took a job at Atari Corporation as a videogame designer in early 1974, and saved enough money for a pilgrimage to India [39]. As the founder of the entertainment giant Tencent, Ma Huateng (or Pony Ma, as he's better known) ranks as one of the richest people on the planet. Eventually, there is no assumption on what the results would have been or would be if some other of these frameworks would have been tested in the study. Alibabas growth was fast. By 1980, Gates managed to convince a large computer manufacturing multinational, IBM, to depend on Microsoft for every software related to personal computers (PCs). Nationality Chinese. As of 2015[update], WeChat (, Weixin), is the largest instant messaging platform in the world, used by 48 percent of Internet users in the Asia-Pacific region. All Rights Reserved. Ma Huateng was born in Badagang, Guangdong (now Dongfang City), China, on October 29, 1971, into a humble household. Facebooks initial success was therefore based on one single but relevant disruptive innovation: social media [71, 74]. No exceptions, said Bezos. The Tencent Group (HKG: $0700 ) has developed a good understanding of the consumer behaviour in the Chinese digital market after years of dominating the market - and also refined a rather unique business model. Ma Huateng is the originator, CEO, and Chairman of Tencent Holdings Ltd. China 2015, 20, 99-104. During the second quarter of 2020, the company posted net sales (revenue) of RMB 114.83 billion. Ma led research and development of Internet paging system development at China Motion Telecom Development before starting Tencent in 1998. Ma Huateng - better known as "Pony Ma" - is the elusive founder, chairman and chief executive of China's titan tech rm Tencent. At 49 years old, he is the Chairman of Tencent, a company listed amongst the biggest companies in the world by the . It is clear that Ma regularly uses a mix of Goleman's four important leadership style to create a positive climate within the Alibaba group. Besides, the analyzed variables are not quantitative in nature. The article concludes that leadership style impacts corporate culture and that the evolution of leadership style has an impact on corporate culture change. Elements of disruptive innovation can be found in at least four of the items in Apples list: personal computers, music distribution, tablet computing, and digital publishing. We should not give up the dream of scoring stunning goals in the science and technology . He reportedly earned $176 per month. Agility Under Ma's leadership, Tencent has moved into web portals, social networks, multi-player online games and e-commerce, making the company today an Internet powerhouse and China's number one brand. Tencent is the collective answer to Facebook, Apple Pay, gaming, WhatsApp, Spotify and Amazon. By 2016, it employed 40,000 people, up from 1,000 in 2004. [31] In order to solve the problem, Ma asked for bank loans and even talked about selling the company. As the rm realised its rapid growth ambitions, Ma feared it would lose its nimbleness and become an overly complex, cumbersome giant. After the AOL case, Ma decided to expand the business portfolio of Tencent. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Lulu Chen's book charts how the success of WeChat has placed Pony Ma's. By setting the right cultural tone. North America, Western Europe and Eastern Asia, (2) the chosen corporations should be at the highest possible position in the rank of global top 100 companies as per market value [29], and (2) those firms should have become industry leaders in (a) a relatively short period of timeless than 20years, and (b) after leveraging some competitive advantage based on discontinuous innovation. Tencent made over $56 billion in revenue in 2019, alone. He is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Tencent, one of Asias most valuable corporations, one of the worlds largest Internet and technology companies, as well as one of the worlds largest investment, gaming, and entertainment conglomerates. Superlatives attach themselves to Pony Ma and Tencent, the Chinese technology juggernaut the 46-year-old entrepreneur cofounded and leads as CEO. Multiple theorical and practical studies indicate that the longitudinal multi-case approach is the best one in terms of properly investigating the results of qualitative inputs [23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28]. Tencents people are in search of excellence. Formative years and academics The birthplace of Ma is Chaoyang, Shantou, Guangdong province. [26] When his father, Ma Chenshu (), got a job as a port manager in Shenzhen, the young Ma accompanied him. The three most common leadership styles include skill based, trait based, and behavior based approaches. But, as it matured, Ma felt the risk of the rm falling into bad habits weigh heavy. Tencent Holdings Ltd., also known as Tencent, is a Chinese multinational technology conglomerate holding company founded by Ma Huateng in 1998. Unlike the previous cases, Toyota was not a startup at the time of its disruptive success and Ohno was not its founder. Tencent wants to enable greater connectivity across Chinese industry, leveraging the capabilities and expertise it has built to serve the billion-plus users of its consumer-facing platforms,. Please enter a keyword and click the arrow to search the site, How the man behind the Chinese goliath keeps innovating. Rudy Ma, the founder of financial services company Yuanta Financial Holdings, died Tuesday evening at age 82. The article Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives [1] provides a review of the state-of-the-art research in terms of leadership research of the last two decades, including most of the theories and frameworks, except that of visionary leadership, which has anyway been included in the analysis [2]. Regardless of age and background, users want clear, simple, natural, easy-to-use design and products. [5], Speaking of censorship at a tech conference in Singapore, Ma was quoted as saying "In terms of information security management, online companies from any country must abide by a defined set of criteria, and act responsibly. How has he created the capacity to pivot in anticipation of and response to changes? I am still clinging to this enthusiasm [95]. Ma upgraded the messaging platform by allowing QQ users to send messages to mobile phones as the pager market declined. The companys 2017 annual revenues stood at almost 238 billion renminbi. In a way, it almost doesnt matter what youre passionate about [75]. Profiles. Ia dilahirkan dari seorang ibu yang bernama Huiqing Huang dan seorang ayah yang bernama Ma Chensu. Ma Huateng adalah pengusaha yang merintis kariernya dari nol. The World's 10 Most Powerful Executives This year's Forbes list (May 10, 2018) of the World Most Powerful included 75 namesone for every 100 million people on earth. Launched in 2011, when traditional desktops ruled and Tencent dominated online instant messaging with QQ (similar to Israeli tech company Mirabiliss ICQ), cynics said it would cannibalise its own o ering; that QQ and WeChat werent di erent enough, but Mas strategy paid o . Google was started in 1998 in Menlo ParkCalifornia, USA. Therefore, the list of multinationals and leaders included in the study is as follows: Toyota Motor Corporation; Taiichi Ohno. Also, it would be of interest to investigate how the visionary leaders and disruptive-innovation-based environments interact with each other and why this type of leadership helps produce such outstanding results. The Apple II [ 39 ] open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research available... Amongst the biggest companies in the science and technology scientific research freely available to all s.! An overly complex, cumbersome giant any questions importantly, scientific progression is China & x27! Ma Huateng in 1998, China pada 29 oktober 1971 dengan nama you dont cannibalise yourself, someone else.. He visited one of the supermarkets of the supermarkets of the students had up..., California, where venture capitalist Peter Thiel invested in the Asia-Pacific area using it 2015. Died Tuesday evening at age 82 success was therefore based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, behavior... 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