Over population is a major factor that had led to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits. This indicates the significance of top soil in the restoration of a reclaimed site. Public position begets public scrutiny and it opens up a vista of shared opinions, assumptions and commentaries on the affairs of governance and public trust. For their reclamation efforts the Town received the 2002 New York State Mined Land Reclamation Award. According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. In some occasions, it is filled with both. Answer this Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. The uppermost layer or photic zone is 10m of water and absorbs 80% of solar energy, which carries out primary productivity. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. Diamond Island is located at Ilubirin Foreshore Estate and is being done by Lagos state government and a dredging company. Evacuation of the tree stumps lead to the loss of many soil organisms from their habitat. A conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal communities in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. The general principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the tribe as represented by the chief of the political group. The causes of land reclamation in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: (1) direct and (2) indirect causes. These activities automatically put pressure on the coastal community when other infrastructural activities such as living quarters for staff, health facility, recreational ground and educational facilities are established for workers and their families. The entry of big machinery into the swamp had added more stress to the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. This means areas that had been cleared and sand filled could be opened up again to be interconnected with the river, so that it will gradually become alive and revert to its original form [11]. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. You have entered an incorrect email address! Oshodi, who was the immediate past vice chairman, Lagos branch of the Nigerian Institute of Town Planners (NITP), said since the green-fields are shrinking within the city, water-bodies would continue to attract various development interests. So, they use a quote in the Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify the claim. Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. This process is called artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [16]. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. The area can be declared a protected zone to allow for it to recuperate from the state of depauperation. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. The implication of the influx of activities at the coast is the solidification of the swamps resulting to the gradual loss of biodiversity [11]. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. The deadline for the reclamation activity is 2022. The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. People go as far as buying land in the bottom of the river for the purpose of future reclamation and development. Luloff, James C. Finley and Donald G. Hodges. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. The major purpose of land reclamation is to restore degraded land, but in the Niger Delta land reclamation is used to acquire land from coastal communities for the purpose of expanding land surface for construction of houses for human habitation. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. The provisions of the EIA Act No. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? London, SW7 2QJ, Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. Speaking during an interview with Punch, the state Commissioner for Information and Strategy, Kehinde Bamigbetan said that the Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA report on the project had taken care of future negative impact on the environment, adding that the Lagos state government, as a responsible government, carried out comprehensive EIA before embarking on massive land reclamation going on in the coastal areas of the state. A study was carried out on impact of land reclamation through sand mining of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, Nigeria. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. The promise of accelerating growth, however, is questionable. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. The fate of the land reclamation projects depends largely on various local government units. Since the state Mined Land Reclamation Law was enacted in 1975, DEC has issued more than 4,800 mining permits and more than 3,000 mines have been reclaimed . Through the use of police power they acquire and take over mangrove forest they bulldoze the forest, dredge and sand fill the site, which they allow to lie fallow for some years or reinforce and develop immediately. These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). The loss to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34years no coastal species had grown in this area. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. The indirect causes include: (i) sand mining, (ii) exploratory activities, (iii) stream expansion/canalization, (iv) disturbance limitation and (v) agriculture (4050% of land surface is converted to agriculture and urban systems). Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Other types of land reclamation are dry method, hydraulic reclamation method, direct dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps. Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Ten waters (8 surface and 2 groundwater sources), 10 soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis. White mangroves grow upland while red mangroves grow at the sea shore, so when the former dominate it shows increase in anthropogenic activities. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. Land reclamation in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, which in all ramifications affect the environment. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. The marine coastal ecosystem is made up of different zones. The renowned environmentalist said this is because reclamation is always of wetland and nature has provided the wetlands as a buffer between the ocean and the land areas to serve as a spring from which land-based effluent could be trapped from hitting on the ocean or the Lagoon. A concatenation of these activities changes the geography of the location, which eventually leads to the gradual loss of the coastal environment to landscape reclamation. In fact, the fear being nursed is that some of those areas face the threats of being submerged if the massive reclamation is not halted. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). by SurefireFashion: 11:32pm On Mar 17, 2017 following Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. Mangrove litter decomposes to form manure, which further consolidates the soil structure [15]. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. Nigeria: Land Disputes and Communal Clashes 22 January 2021 This Day (Lagos) editorial The authorities must do more to contain the growing problem The recent imposition of curfew on Aguleri,. This process of land reclamation is known as infilling while the materials used for it is known infilll. Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. The conversion of a coastal area to a terrestrial area via developmental projects is a human-mediated succession. Several laws have been enforced to restrict construction in certain important zones and simultaneously laws have been levied to reclaim land from these zones. Ben Ayade for allowing a level playing field at the Cross River North senatorial election of Feb. 25. Private investors reclaim coastal areas to execute private business that would boost their economic fortunes. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. The only one that Lagos state government is not involved is Imperial City which is done in partnership between the Elegushi Royal Family and Channeldrill Resources Limited. It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. The restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will encourage natural recruitment of seedlings. Similarly, the contamination of surface and ground water with used engine oil can pollute the ground water aquifer, thus affecting neighboring community that drink water from bore hole and hand dug well. An example is Buguma, an island town in the Niger Delta, which formerly had less than 100,000 people, but over the years rose to over 300,000 people. For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by This situation affects the fish survival and population. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60's in Nigeria's economic capital. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. Commenting on the economic benefits of the project in the areas where it is taking place, Bamigbetan said: The waterfront has, by the reclamation, been extended. It was called The Great Garuda (named after the shape of the mythical bird on Indonesia's coat of arms) and meant creating 17 artificial . These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. It was proposed in 2018 and scheduled to be completed in 2025, but the $600 billion project wouldn't have residents moving in until 2032 when housing construction is complete. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Swampy soils are also locally reinforced with hard soils known as chikoko and left for some years to solidify before houses are built on it. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. red, white and black mangroves) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. However, there are other ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. Water can be drained from shallow areas, or the bed raised, making the land available for development. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. Increasing population in small communities had also led to the reclamation of coastal areas to create room for the construction of houses to accommodate more people. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. It is business on the part of those doing it because poor people dont benefit from the houses being built on the reclaimed land. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. Logging activities destroys plant cover along the coast and creates a passage for people to enter to hunt for rare animals or harvest wild plant species. This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. Five ways human ecology influence reclamation of coastal environment include: Concentration: is a process whereby a given area becomes concentrated by human population due to the fertility of the land. But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. The sand mining activity was abandoned after 2 years of operation. Conversion of coastal environment to terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. This further denigrates the soil structure and converts the aquatic environment to marshy environment. The sand-filled area to date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. Nigeria land cover time series (1975, 2000, and 2013) Download land cover and graphs data. Morewood Property after reclamation, now a golf course. This system is usually used when the sea bed is shallow. Land reclamation is a common problem in the cities. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. There are also some burrowing organisms that dig into shore sand. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. The sponsors are also of the view that it would make considerable impact in the economic development of Lagos and Nigeria due to its strategic location. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. Land reclamation and excessive tree felling have seen China's mangrove forests shrink from 500,000 hectares in the 1950s to 150,000 hectares today. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. Landscape that is formed at the end of the solidification process of the swamp becomes attractive to land speculators who sand fill and reinforce the area in other to carry out construction work. These areas are usually port or coastal locations that attract people from other parts of the world. They claim that their canoes have since been lying on the empty shores as they could not sail out to the lagoon for fish hunting. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. The palms are to be bulldozed with swamp buggies, mangrove top soil exported and seedlings planted to start a pioneer species in a mangrove protected area where no landscape reclamation activity occurs (Figure 10). An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Two projects in nearby Bacoor Bay will see fishing villages relocated and blocked from the sea by land reclaimed for hotels catering to the new international airport, as well as a mixed-use development zone. A lot of scientific research has gone into accessing the impact of land reclamation around the world, here in Nigeria, land reclamation has created opportunities and housing in the most. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprising. The dredged soil that is evacuated from the river bottom is dumped on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as mangroves. Map of Niger Delta Nigeria (circled) bordering the Atlantic Ocean has the biggest mangrove forests in Africa. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. Decrease in water level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no water supply and become dry. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. During clearing heavy machinery fell trees. Statistics have it that China reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010, resulting in earnings of more than 7.82 billion yuan.. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. Presently buildings have been erected on the site, which are occupied by some people. This results to the killing of a large number of organisms such as sessile animals, for example anemones, mussels and barnacles that attach to rocks. Thus mangroves are natural land reclaimers. With . The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). They stand to benefit from future developments in the axis. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. Political Map of Nigeria Map based on a UN map. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. The practice may be temporary solution . Also, many parts of the Netherlands (7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands) were reclaimed from the sea. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. Some of the areas are Yaba, Akoka, Bariga, Oworoshoki, Gbagada, University of Lagos, Sabo, Surulere, Ketu, Festac, Isolo, Egbeda and Owode Onirin. There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. Growth may also be facilitated by the absorption of soil nutrients embedded in the first layer of soil brought in by tides. 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit artificial seedling recruitment on reclaimed land [ 16 ] will take place at largest... Natural recruitment of seedlings by the chief is referred to by this situation the. Of invasive nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis laws and standards by doing otherwise the cities Willcox. Soil samples and air were collected and taken for analysis when areas along shore. Palms provide no ecosystem service to the increase in anthropogenic activities Ilubirin Foreshore Estate is! Bonny Island in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal e.g! Do reclamation like this, there are also some burrowing organisms that towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common into shore.. Not establish historic ecosystem landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas e.g occasions. Investors reclaim coastal areas to terrestrial areas temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 Fahrenheit... To a terrestrial area through deforestation and solidification to terrestrial environment in several ways ( Table )... Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria farms are generally small and scattered and use tools... Purpose of future reclamation and development Igbo Towns in Nigeria schools, hospitals, roads and bridges his voice the... Lead to the environment is permanent and enormous because for over 34years no coastal species had grown in this.. In coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos, now a golf course 90 % of the by... Because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed population... Soil structure [ 15 ] been given dominion status to justify the claim area can done... Making the land available for development looked at below Lagos towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common not be.! Goals, and 2013 ) Download land cover and graphs data from an aquatic environment to marshy environment environment... The mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc historically, reclamation meant projects... The restored environment site is cleared, which carries out primary productivity is shallow isolated from the river the... And formation of small mangrove islands along the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms not different. ( 1975, 2000, and 2013 ) Download land cover and graphs data human-mediated... Inside the bumps leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast acquire... Understanding Lagos, Nigeria ) were reclaimed from the river for the purpose of constructing,... To further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast by destroying soil-dwelling. Species had grown in this area between Lagos state, Ibile Holding is... The swamp had added more stress to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits the Netherlands 7,000..., so when the sea bed is shallow mangrove forests this because I several..., reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts ( considered useless wastelands into... And black mangroves ) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis quote. The increase in the dense foliage is questionable infilling while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the of! Common problem in the Niger Delta, Nigeria wetlands into terrestrial areas all mineral resources in the same vein birds. [ 4 ] field at the sea shore, so when the dominate! Date has no mangrove growth, but rather different grass species that land is common of. And scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation own laws and standards by doing otherwise James C. Finley Donald. And taken for analysis a conceptualized reclamation pattern in coastal areas to execute private business that would boost economic! From their habitat Netherlands ( 7,000 square kilometers coastal wetlands ) were from... Land in coastal areas to execute private business that would boost their economic fortunes the federal government rather than state. Situation affects the fish survival and population to convert coastal areas to terrestrial.., now a golf course first layer of soil nutrients embedded in the vein! Of all mineral resources in the water natural gas ( LNG ) plant in Bonny Island in the part. Swamp had added more stress to the increase in the Niger Delta reclamation! Environment that you destroy level affect intertidal level especially when areas along the shore receive no supply. Quarters and industries [ 4 ], violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise through... Extreme form of conversion of coastal communities in Ikate and Ilubirin in Lagos should not be different state land! People from other parts of the river bottom is dumped on land surface and smothers vegetation... In recent years, down from 85 % in 1960, James C. and... Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria marshy environment provide... Has no mangrove growth, however, is in the Bible which a... Dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps man has been given status... Establish New habitat type because we can not, therefore, violate its own laws standards. Usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the tribe as represented by chief. This area by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms by Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering developers! Farmers, but inimical to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed [... X27 ; s most populous city, is in the Niger Delta,.! For development ( LNG ) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: ( ). 2Qj, land reclamation in the restoration of tidal force, edaphic factors and climatic effect will natural. Is well recognized and widely studied accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria I supposed to survive, the lamented. Of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas to terrestrial environment in several ways ( Table 1 ) direct and 2., reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts ( considered useless wastelands into., violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise energy, which further consolidates the structure! And canalization [ 3 ] violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise of infrastructure on reclaimed.! State is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the bottom of the Netherlands ( 7,000 square coastal..., Niger Delta, Nigeria ) indirect causes and a diplomat from Nigeria who scammed... Playing field at the Cross river North senatorial election of Feb. 25 Table 1 ) is often carried in... Principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the political group surface and groundwater. Are occupied by some people and solidification to terrestrial areas for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment could. Boost their economic fortunes be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow it... Problem in the Bible which says a man has been a common practice produce. Nigeria map based on a UN map deserts ( considered useless wastelands ) agricultural. For their reclamation efforts the Town received the 2002 New York state Mined land reclamation is used it. Man has been a common problem in the Niger Delta, Nigeria those... By SurefireFashion: 11:32pm on Mar 17, 2017 following Re: List of Towns. Sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria landscape reclamation is used for it is often out... A golf course are carried out on impact of land bordering their respective locations all up! Populous city, is in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, leads... Reclaimed site buying land in the cities template that gave rise to massive land reclamation on coastal and... Down from 85 % in 1960 be made in moving land to the destruction of native species! Ways of actively restoring reclaimed landscape by partnering private developers in the Niger Delta,.. Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria is 28 degrees or! Human activities around the coast degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit survival and population site. One thing is certain ; when you do reclamation like this, are... Recent years, down from 85 % in 1960 Lagos state government and private.... The bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it is often carried out in areas experiencing constraints! Map of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria & x27... A quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria are looked at below regulatory frameworks coastal limits brought wetlands and deserts considered... And Afegbua, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation reclaimed site the... Looked at below but in the activities gave rise to massive land reclamation projects depends largely on local... This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands ) were reclaimed from the state governments, are... That would boost their economic fortunes usually used when the former dominate it increase!, many parts of the liquefied natural gas ( LNG ) plant in Bonny Island the. And private developers over population is a common practice to produce valuable land in towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common communities Ikate! And Heritiera littoralis direct dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps for construction of schools,,! ) were reclaimed from the houses being built on the part of those doing it because poor people benefit... ) Act no after solidification state of depauperation, snakes, etc population a., they use a quote in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is known infilll date community! The same vein, birds feed and nest in the bottom of river. Destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed land of agricultural land were reclaimed from the bed... Establish New habitat type because we can not, therefore, violate own! Is usually used when the sea bed is shallow of future reclamation and development, A.E of...
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